力标准机独立加码与逆程交换研究

静重式力标准机在施加递增或递减负荷过程中，当砝码进行逆程交换时会出现逆负荷现象。为此，提出了力标准机独立加码的概念与方法，建立并讨论了独立加码方法的驱动方式、砝码加卸过程的运动规律、加卸过程中吊挂受力变化、加载稳定性和工作效率问题。研究了通过少量砝码的合理组合与交换，实现多力级等力值间隔加载的技术方法。当砝码进行逆程交换时，为减小以至消除逆负荷现象进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明，提出的方法是可行的和有效的。为力基、标准机的技术发展和提高提供了一种新的理论方法和试验依据，对力值计量检测技术的进步具有重要意义。

Study on Loading Weights Respectively and Counter-span Exchanging Weights of the Deadweight Force Standard Machine

The counter-force phenomenon could occur in the process of uploading and/or downloading on a dead weight force standard machine in which the weights should be exchanged in counter-span process.The conception and method of loading weights in a unattached way are put forward.A loading weight way how to be drived is established.The movement rule of the loading device,force value change in the suspender,and the stability and efficiency of the machine are discussed.A uploading and/or downloading technology which has equal load and more load step with reasonable compounding and exchange of a few weights in the machine is studied.Theoretic analyse and experimental evaluation are given for minimizing and eliminating counter-force phenomenon while weights are exchanged in counter-span process on the machine.The experiment results show that the technical method presented are right and efficient.It offers a kind of new theoretic way and experimental basis for the development of primary force standard machine and force standard machine.There is more important significance for force measurement and measuring techniques.