进路充填采矿法采场破碎炮孔护孔爆破试验研究

赞比亚谦比希铜矿西矿体采用进路充填采矿法开采,采场内矿体局部破碎并有泥质夹层,部分炮孔破碎易坍塌,装药困难,导致装药爆破效率低、爆破进尺小、炸药单耗高,采场出矿能力低。经过对采场岩性、钻孔爆破调研分析,提出对破碎炮孔护孔并相应优化布孔装药参数的试验方案。介绍了判定需要护孔的破碎炮孔的判据、破碎炮孔护孔材料和规格及针对破碎炮孔护孔的布孔装药参数优化设计。选定有代表性的采场进行了现场试验,试验结果表明,采用破碎炮孔护孔并优化布孔装药技术,提高了装药效率,增加了爆破进尺,炮孔利用率达97%,炸药和雷管单耗降低,改善了爆破效果,提高了采场出矿能力。介绍了产生的经济效益和在谦比希铜矿的推广应用情况。

Experimental study on blast with protected cracking and blocked holes in stope using drift cut-and-fill mining method

Drift cut-and-fill mining method was used in west ore body of Chambishi Copper Mine in Zambia, the ore body was partly fractured with argillaceous intercalation in stope, fractured and collapsed holes were difficult to charge explosive, which lead to lower efficiency of charging explosive, low advance per attack, large explosive consumption and lower mining productive capacity. Through investigation and analysis of rock characteristics in stope, drilling and blast, testing program of protecting the cracking and blocked holes using pipe and optimize hole-pattern and charging parameters accordingly was proposed. Some criteria determining if the blast hole need protection, the material and specification of the protecting pipe and optimization design of hole-pattern and charging parameters were introduced. Field tests were carried out in typical stope, the test results indicated that by using the technology of protecting the cracking and blocked blast holes and optimization design of hole-pattern and charging parameters accordingly, charging efficiency and advance per attack were increased, blasting efficiency of 97% had been achieved, unit explosive and detonator consumption was reduced, broken effects and mining productive capacity were improved. Its economic benefits and popularized application in Chambishi Copper Mine were introduced in this work.