芜湖市学龄前儿童孤独症谱系障碍患病现状及影响因素研究

目的 探讨2~6岁学龄前儿童孤独症谱系障碍（ASDs）患病现状及其影响因素。方法 以2019年1—12月在安徽省芜湖市某医院参加健康体检的2~6岁学龄前儿童作为研究对象。以问卷调查的方法收集数据,描述ASDs患病情况,并分析芜湖市学龄前儿童ASDs的影响因素。结果 共对13 482名儿童完成调查,完整回答调查问卷的共有12 657名儿童,筛选疑似ASDs儿童748例,最终确诊52例,ASDs患病率为4.11‰。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男童（OR=1.422）、早产（OR=1.582）、新生儿窒息（OR=1.416）、儿童睡眠障碍（OR=1.277）、母亲生育年龄≥35岁（OR=1.271）、母亲孕期焦虑/抑郁（OR=1.439）、孕期使用特殊药物（OR=1.322）为学龄前儿童ASDs患病危险因素。结论 男童、早产、新生儿窒息、儿童睡眠障碍、高龄产妇、孕期负性情绪、孕期使用特殊药物为学龄前儿童罹患ASDs的独立影响因素,对于其中可人为干预的因素,应尽快采取相应的措施。

Prevalence and influencing factors of autism spectrum disorders in preschool children in Wuhu

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of autism spectrum disorders （ASDs） in preschool children aged 2-6 years. Methods Preschool children aged 2-6 years who participated in physical examination in a hospital in Wuhu City, Anhui Province from January to December 2019 were taken as the research object. The data were collected by questionnaire, the prevalence of ASDs was described, and the influencing factors of ASDs in preschool children in Wuhu were analyzed. Results A total of 13 482 children were surveyed, of which 12 657 children answered the questionnaire completely, 748 children with suspected ASDs were screened, and 52 cases were finally diagnosed. The prevalence rate of ASDs was 4.11‰. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that boys （OR=1.422）, premature delivery （OR=1.582）, neonatal asphyxia （OR=1.416）, children's sleep disorders （OR=1.277）, mother’s childbearing age ≥35 years old （OR= 1.271）, mother's anxiety/depression during pregnancy （OR=1.439）, and the use of special drugs during pregnancy （OR=1.322） were risk factors for ASDs in preschool children. Conclusion Boys, premature delivery, neonatal asphyxia, children's sleep disorders, elderly maternal, negative emotions during pregnancy, and use of special drugs during pregnancy are the independent influencing factors of ASDs in preschool children. For some of the factors that can be artificially intervened, corresponding measures can be taken as soon as possible.