长沙县农村环境综合治理与生活饮用水水质检测结果综合分析

目的了解长沙县开展农村环境综合治理后,生活饮用水水质动态变化。方法 2009-2011年连续对长沙县的集中式供水和分散式供水水质进行检测。结果 2009-2011年共检水样1 289份,合格907份,合格率70.4%,各年度合格率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,2011年水样合格率最高;出厂水和末梢水的不合格指标锰差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;集中式供水和分散式供水九项不合格指标之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;丰水期和枯水期不合格项目菌落总数、总大肠菌群、锰之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论长沙县进行农村环境综合治理后,生活饮用水合格率逐年上升,取得显著成效;农村生活饮用水受微生物污染严重,锰含量高,应扩大集中式供水范围,提高自来水的普及率;加大对丰水期水质的监测和管理;加大对排污企业的监管和处罚力度,水厂加强对锰的处理,确保居民饮水安全。

Synthetic Analysis on Comprehensive Control of Rural Environment and Detection Results of Drinking Water Quality in Changsha County

Objective To investigate the dynamic change of drinking water quality after comprehensive control of rural environment in Changsha County.Methods The quality of the water from centralized water supplies and decentralized water supplies in Changsha County was detected from 2009 to 2011.Results A total of 1,289 water samples were detected and 907 samples were qualified,with a qualified rate of 70.4%.The qualified rates were statistically significant different among various years(P<0.01),reaching the highest in 2011.There were statistically significant differences in the unqualified rate of manganese between the finished water and the tap water(P<0.01).There were also statistically significant differences in total bacteria,total coliform,thermotolerant coliform bacteria,color,turbidity,visible substances,ammonia nitrogen,iron and manganese between centralized water supplies and decentralized water supplies(P<0.01).The unqualified rates of total bacteria,total coliform and manganese in the wet season were different from those in the dry season(P<0.01).Conclusions The qualified rate of the drinking water in Changsha County increases year by year after comprehensive control of the environment.Nevertheless,the microbial contamination is severe and the manganese content is high.The scope of the centralized water supply should be expanded and the popularization rate of tap water should be increased.The monitoring and management of the water quality in the wet seasons should be strengthened,and the supervision and punishment strength should be also enhanced.The manganese treatment in the water plants should be improved.