寒地城市居住区形态对住宅能耗影响

为研究居住区形态对住宅能耗的影响,并为居住区节能规划提供建议,以哈尔滨市为例,通过标准回归系数敏感性分析方法研究居住区形态对住宅供热和制冷能耗的影响,根据分析结果提出寒地城市居住区节能规划建议. 研究选取4种住宅能耗相关的居住区形态参数（住宅层数、住宅面宽、住宅间距和住宅朝向）并对哈尔滨市的住宅进行分类得到“一”字型、“L”型、“凹”字型和点式4类典型住宅.利用Openstudio和EnergyPlus软件对4类住宅组成的居住区理想模型进行建模和能耗模拟,并通过敏感性分析中的标准回归系数（SRC）方法对居住区形态参数与住宅能耗的关系进行分析. 研究表明:住宅的制冷能耗、供热能耗和总能耗均与居住区的形态有较大关系,其中对住宅能耗影响最为明显的居住区形态参数是住宅面宽；基于能耗模拟数据和敏感性分析结果,从住宅类型、住宅体形系数、住宅间距以及住宅朝向4个角度提出寒地城市居住区节能规划策略,并得到寒地城市多层和点式高层住宅的最低能耗参数组合.

Influence of residential form on residential energy consumption in winter cities

To analyze the impact of residential form on residential energy consumption and provide suggestions for energy-saving planning, taking Harbin as the representative of winter cities, this paper investigates the influence of residential forms on residential energy consumption for heating and cooling by conducting sensitivity analysis, and offers suggestions on energy-saving planning for winter cities. Building stories, building length, space interval, and orientation were selected as the morphological parameters relating to residential energy consumption. Four residential typologies including pavilion, L-shaped, U-shaped, and slab type buildings were obtained by classifying the residential forms in Harbin. The ideal models of the four types of residential districts were formed and the energy consumption of each model was simulated by utilizing Openstudio and EnergyPlus. Aiming at figuring out the relative impact of the four examined parameters on energy consumption, the research processed the simulation data through a sensitivity analysis method using the standardized regression coefficients (SRC). Results show that the four parameters all had impact on the residential energy consumption, and the building length was the most significant parameter. Based on the results, a residential energy-saving planning strategy was proposed from the perspectives of housing type, shape coefficient, space interval, and orientation, and the parameter combinations of minimum energy consumption of multi-story and slab type residential buildings in winter cities were obtained.