新型冠状病毒血清特异性抗体检测技术应用探讨

2019年12月在武汉暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发展迅速，早期诊断是疫情防控的关键。2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus，2019-nCoV)核酸检测阳性虽是疑似患者确诊的“金标准”，但其操作繁琐、耗时长，检测结果易受标本质量、病毒感染部位及表达量等众多因素影响，因而核酸单项检测不能满足疫情期间对疑似病例快速筛查的要求。血清特异性抗体是诊断病毒感染的另一关键证据，抗体协同核酸检测可用于辅助诊断和快速筛查。本文从抗体产生特点、检测方法及其灵敏度/特异度、假阴性/假阳性检测结果分析、核酸与抗体联合检测等方面进行讨论，以期推动2019-nCoV血清抗体检测技术的建立与应用。

Application of the Technology of Serum Specific Antibody in Detecting 2019 Novel Coronavirus

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan in December, 2019 develops rapidly. Early diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is the key to epidemic prevention and control. Although a positive nucleic acid test result of 2019-nCoV is the "gold standard" for the diagnosis in those suspected patients, its operation is tedious and time-consuming, and the test results are affected by many factors, such as the sample quality, the infection site and expression level of the virus. Therefore, the single nucleic acid test cannot meet the requirements for rapid screening and diagnosis during the epidemic. Serum specific antibody is another key evidence for the diagnosis of virus infection. Antibody detection can be used as an important means to assist nucleic acid diagnosis and rapid screening. This review interpreted the characteristics of antibody production, the methods and sensitivity/specificity of antibody testing, analysis of false negative and false positive problems, and the combination of the nucleic acid test and antibody detection to promote the establishment and application of the technology of 2019-nCoV serum antibody testing.