燃煤电厂脱硫废水及污泥中重金属污染物控制研究进展

燃煤发电中常采用湿法烟气脱硫技术，该工艺会产生含有重金属污染物的脱硫废水和污泥，潜在环境危害性强，需谨慎处理。介绍了燃煤电厂脱硫废水和脱硫污泥的产生来源、成分组成、重金属污染物含量水平和排放处置标准，对沉淀法等脱硫废水重金属处理技术和脱硫污泥重金属去除及固化技术的原理、优点、适用性和局限性进行总结对比分析。脱硫废水重金属控制方法中，目前普遍使用的三联箱工艺难以满足日益严格的排放标准，需进行改进；吸附法、微生物法等新型方法也因成本和技术等问题而难以普及；零排放技术因其无污染的特性将逐渐成为研究和推广的主流。脱硫污泥重金属控制方法大多仍处于研究中，化学修复和药剂固化方法因效果好、适用性强将逐渐在电厂生产实践中推广。

Research Progress on Control of Heavy Metals Pollutants in Desulfurization Wastewater and Sludge of Coal-fired Power Plants

Wet flue gas desulfurization technology is often used in coal-fired power units. This process will produce desulfurization wastewater and sludge containing heavy metal pollutants, which is harmful to the environment and should be treated carefully. The source, composition, content of heavy metal pollutants, emission standards of desulphurization wastewater and sludge from coal-fired power plants were introduced. The principles, advantages, applicability and limitations of the heavy metal treatment and solidification technology were summarized and analyzed contrastively. Among the methods for controlling heavy metals in desulfurization wastewater, traditional triple junction tank treatment technology is difficult to meet the stringent emission standards and need to be improved. New methods such as adsorption and microbiological methods are also difficult to popularize because of cost and technical issues. Zero-emission technology will gradually become the mainstream of research and promotion because of high environmental protection. Most of the heavy metal control methods for desulfurization sludge need further research. Chemical remediation and medicament solidification methods will be gradually popularized in power plant production due to high processing efficiency and applicability.