用于棉籽油制备生物柴油的固体酸催化剂研究

研制出适用于棉籽油与甲醇发生酯交换反应制备生物柴油的固体酸催化剂。考察了催化剂活性组分比例、焙烧温度和焙烧时间等制备条件对催化剂活性的影响。研究结果表明，在n（Al）：n(Zr)：n（La）＝1：0.4：0.08、焙烧温度550℃、焙烧时间5h的条件下优化制备的S2O82-/Al2O3-ZrO2-La2O3固体酸催化剂，用于酯交换反应时具有良好的催化活性和稳定性，在反应温度150 ℃、醇油摩尔比12:1、固体酸催化剂用量为油质量的4％、反应时间6h的条件下产物中棉籽油甲酯含量达到95.8％，催化剂重复使用10次后甲酯含量仍维持在86％左右；制备得到的生物柴油质量达到国家柴油机燃料调合用生物柴油（BD100）标准。

STUDY ON THE SOLID ACID CATALYST FOR THE PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FUEL FROM COTTONSEED OIL

A solid acid catalyst was developed for preparing biodiesel from cottonseed oil by transesterification with methanol. The influences of catalyst preparation conditions including the ratios of active components, calcination temperature and calcination time were studied and the optimum preparation conditions were obtained. The results indicated that S2O82-/Al2O3-ZrO2-La2O3 solid acid catalyst prepared under the optimum conditions of active component ratios of n(Al):n(Zr):n(La) = 1:0.4:0.08, a calcination temperature of 550 ℃ and a calcination time of 5 h exhibited high catalytic activity and stability for transesterification. Under the reaction conditions of a temperature of 150 ℃, a methanol/oil molar ratio of 12, a catalyst dosage of 4% and a reaction time of 6 h, the content of fatty acid methyl ester in the reaction product could reach 95.8%. Even after reusing for 10 times, the fatty acid methyl ester content still remained at about 86%. The qualities of the obtained biodiesel met the specifications of National Standard for blended biodiesel (BD100).