运动与绝经后女性骨强度、体成分及性激素的关系

目的 探讨运动对兰州市汉族绝经后女性骨强度、体成分及性激素的影响。 方法 2018年1月~2019年6月，采用随机整群抽样选取兰州市汉族绝经后女性233例（运动组110例，非运动组123例），采用超声骨密度仪、生物电阻抗分析仪及电化学发光全自动免疫分析仪，分别测量跟骨骨强度、体成分和性激素。 结果 兰州市汉族绝经后运动组女性的体重、体质量指数及脂肪组织体成分均低于非运动组（P<0.05）；骨强度、雌二醇及肌肉组织体成分均高于非运动组（P<0.01）。绝经后运动组女性骨质疏松低于非运动组（P<0.01）。Pearson 相关分析显示，绝经后女性的骨强度与雌二醇和肌肉组织体成分成正相关（P<0.01），与脂肪组织体成分成负相关（P<0.01）。Logistic 回归分析显示，四肢肌肉量和雌激素是绝经后非运动女性骨质的保护性因素，内脏脂肪含量是骨质异常的危险因素；雌激素是经后运动女性骨质的保护性因素。 结论 肌肉与脂肪共同决定着绝经后女性的骨强度，且两者关系受运动状况的影响。运动通过促雌激素生成，增加四肢肌肉量及降低内脏脂肪含量，有效防控兰州市汉族绝经后女性骨质疏松的发生。

Relationship between exercise and bone strength,body composition,sex hormones in postmenopausal women

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on bone strength, body composition, sex hormones and their relationship in postmenopausal women of Han nationality in Lanzhou. Methods From Jan. 2018 to Jun. 2019, 233 cases postmenopausal women of Han nationality in Lanzhou (110 cases in exercise group and 123 cases in non exercise group) were selected by stratified random sampling method , whose bone strength, body composition indexes and sex hormone were measured by ultrasonic bone mineral density meter, body composition analyzer and electrochemiluminescence automatic immune analyzer, respectively. Results There were lower body weight, body mass index and fat tissue composition of postmenopausal women of Lanzhou Han nationality (P<0.05), and there was higher bone strength, estradiol and muscle tissue composition in the exercise group (P<0.01). The prevalence of osteoporosis and obesity was lower in the exercise group (P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that estradiol and muscle tissue composition were positively correlated with the bone strength (P<0.05), and it was negatively correlated with fat tissue composition in postmenopausal women (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that limb muscle mass and estradiol were protective factors for bone, and visceral fat content was the risk factor of bone abnormality in postmenopausal non-exercise women. Estrogen was the protective factor of bone in postmenopausal exercise women. Conclusion The bone strength of postmenopausal women is determined by muscle and fat tissue, and the relationship between the both is affected by exercise. Exercise could effectively prevent and control osteoporosis in postmenopausal women of Lanzhou Han nationality by promoting estrogen production, increasing limb muscle and reducing visceral fat mass.