颈动脉管外口及周边骨性结构的解剖特点

目的： 探究颈动脉管外口及周边骨性结构的解剖结构特点。 方法： 选取成人颅骨，由1 位口腔专业教师 确定各观测点的位置后，用游标卡尺、圆规和直尺等测量颈动脉管外口的长径、短径及该口长径外侧点至茎突根 部内侧点、茎乳孔内侧点、乳突尖、舌下神经管外口长径内侧点、枕髁最前点、枕骨大孔最前点和正中矢状面的 最短距离，所得数据进行统计学分析。 结果： 颈动脉管外口长、短径分别为（8.43±1.45）mm和（5.99±0.87） mm。颈动脉管外口长径外侧点至茎突根部、茎乳孔、乳突尖、舌下神经管外口横径最内侧点、枕髁最前点、枕 骨大孔最前点和正中矢状面的最短距离分别为（9.04±1.65）mm、（12.99±2.00）mm、（29.43±3.01）mm、 （16.40±2.11）mm、（23.88±3.21）mm、（33.53±2.35）mm和（32.79±2.47）mm。各观测项目左、右两侧的 数据差异无统计学意义。结论： 颈动脉管外口位置深在，对其相邻结构关系的观测有助于为临床外科手术提供解 剖学参考。

Anatomical characteristics of the external opening of carotid canal and its surrounding bony structures

Objective To explore the anatomical characteristics of the external opening of carotid canal and its surrounding bony structures. Methods Sixty-eight adult skulls were selected， and the position of each observation points were determined by an oral professional teacher， and then the vernier calipers， compasses， and rulers were used to measure the long and short diameters of the external opening of carotid canal and the shortest distance from the lateral point of long diameter of external opening of carotid canal to the medial point of styloid process root， the medial point of stylomastoid foramen， the mastoid tip， the medial point of long diameter of external opening of hypoglossal canal， the anterior point of occipital condyle， the anterior point of foramen magnum and the median sagittal plane. The data obtained were analyzed statistically. Results The long and short diameters of the external opening of carotid canal were （8.43±1.45） mm and （5.99±0.87） mm. The shortest distances between the lateral point of long diameter of external opening of carotid canal to the medial point of styloid process root， the medial point of stylomastoid foramen， the mastoid tip， the medial point of long diameter of external opening of hypoglossal canal， the anterior point of occipital condyle， the anterior point of foramen magnum and the median sagittal plane were （9.04±1.65） mm，（ 12.99±2.00） mm，（ 29.43±3.01） mm，（ 16.40±2.11） mm，（ 23.88±3.21） mm，（ 33.53±2.35） mm and （32.79±2.47） mm. There was no statistically significant difference in the data on the left and right sides of each observation item. Conclusion The external opening of carotid canal was deep. Observing the relationship between the external opening of carotid canal and its adjacent structures is helpful to provide an anatomical reference for clinical surgery.