家犬心脏左心室的形态学观测

目的观测家犬心脏左心室的解剖结构,为比较解剖学积累资料。方法1.44 mol.L-1甲醛溶液固定新鲜家犬心脏45个,解剖并观测左心室结构。结果家犬心脏左心室呈圆锥形,位于心脏左下方,分为左心室流入道及流出道,其流入道主要结构为二尖瓣复合体,包括瓣环、瓣膜、腱索、乳头肌。二尖瓣环周径平均(49.16±10.00)mm。内侧瓣、外侧瓣的高度分别为(14.28±3.14)和(9.27±1.99)mm,宽度分别为(25.74±5.21)和(21.50±6.33)mm;腱索总数平均为(16.72±2.76)条,假腱索总数平均为(4.69±3.38)条,假腱索出现率为100%。左心室流出道主要结构为主动脉瓣环、主动脉瓣、主动脉窦。主动脉瓣环周径平均为(34.55±8.00)mm,左瓣高度、右瓣高度、后瓣高度分别为(6.85±1.76)、(7.19±1.75)和(7.52±1.79)mm,其宽度分别为(11.47±3.02)、(11.67±2.99)和(11.74±2.46)mm。结论家犬心脏左心室结构与人心相似,但大小及假腱索、腱索总数有一定差异。

Morphological observation on the left ventricle of canine heart

Objective To observe and measure the anatomical structures of the left ventricle in canis familiaris,in order to accumulate data for comparative anatomy.Methods Forty-five hearts of canis familiaris were fixed with 1.44 mol·L-1 formaldehyde,then the structure of the left ventricle were observed and measured.Results The left ventricle of canine heart was a cone and was located in left of the heart.It was divided into inflowing tract and outflow tract of left ventricle.The main structures of the inflowing tract were mitral complex,which was composed of the mitral ring and valve,chordae tendineae and papillary muscles.The average length of mitral ring was(49.16±10.00)mm,the heights of inside and outside valves were(14.28±3.14) and(9.27±1.99)mm respectively,the breadths of them were(25.74±5.21) and(21.50±6.33)mm respectively.The average number of chordae tendineae and falese tendon was 16.72±2.76 and 4.69±3.38.The frequency of false tendon was 100%.The main structures of the outflow tract of left ventricle were aortic orifice,aortic valve and aortic sinus.The average length of aortic orifice was(34.55±8.00)mm,the heights of left,right and back aortic valve were(6.85±1.76),(7.19±1.75) and(7.52±1.79)mm respectively,the breadths of them were(11.47±3.02),(11.67±2.99) and(11.74±2.46)mm respectively.Conclusion The left ventricle of canis familiaris is similar to that of human heart in structure,but there was difference in size and the total number of chordae tendineae and false tendon.