大学不同层次的新生心理健康状况分析

目的比较大学理工科不同专业层次新生的焦虑、抑郁及整体心理健康状况水平及其可能影响因素. 方法采用整群抽样,对某大学353名新生(中专、大专、本科及士官)进行现况调查. 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)问卷,由学生自行填写独立完成. 结果 SCL-90的多项指标、焦虑指数、抑郁水平在不同层次的学生中有不同程度的分布差异显著(P<0.05). 全体新生中有21.6%～44.6%的学生具有阳性心理症状,有13.7%～35.7% 的学生肯定有抑郁症状. 中专学生较其他专业层次的学生更容易出现心理阳性症状和抑郁状态. Logist回归分析显示影响新生抑郁状态的因素为焦虑评分(OR=2.1, 95.0%CI 1.4～3.3); SCL-90第四因子的(抑郁)评分(OR=3.7,95.0%CI 1.7～8.6),母亲的文化程度(OR=0.61, 95.0%CI 0.39～0.95). 结论焦虑、抑郁、强迫等症状是影响不同层次新生心理健康状况的主要因素. 不同层次新学生心理健康状况、焦虑、抑郁水平的差异,可能是入学后对学校的适应情况不同所造成的,因此针对不同层次的新学生采取不同的教育管理方式有助于学生的健康成长.

Analysis on mental health status of university freshmen in different administrative levels

AIM To study depression, anxiety and the mental health status of freshman majoring in mechanical engineering. METHODS Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CED-S) were used as the tools to evaluate the mental health status of 353 students including technical secondary school students, junior college students, undergraduate course students and petty officer students. They were gathered and asked to fill in those questionnaires in 35 min. RESULTS Mental health status of students with different administrative levels was significantly different (P<0.05). The technical secondary school students had more frequency of SCL-90 positive indexes and depression. Of all the students, 21.6% to 44.6% had some positive mental symptoms; 13.7% to 35.7% had depression and students in the technical secondary school were more likely to suffer from depression and positive symptoms. Logistic regression showed that the possible risk factors for depression status (judged by CED-S total score exceed 20) were SAS standard total score (OR=2.1, 95.0%CI 1.4～3.3), the fourth index of SCL-90 (depression)score (OR=3.7, 95.0%CI 1.7～8.6), while the educational level of student's mother appeared as a possible protective factor (OR=0.6, 95.0%CI 0.39～0.95). CONCLUSION Depression, anxiety and other positive symptoms (obsession, relations with others) might be the main negative factors involving in students' mental health status. The significant difference of SCL-90 indexes,anxiety and depression in students with different administrative levels may be caused by their different abilities to adapt to a new environment. Educators should help students keep good mental status and adapt to the university life by using different methods towards students according to their administration level.