1985-2015年沙坡头区24节气气候变化及春小麦物候期的响应

利用沙坡头区逐日气象观测资料以及春小麦物候资料,运用统计学方法分析24节气气候变化及春小麦物候期的响应.结果表明,沙坡头区24节气的平均气温呈单峰型准正态分布,小暑和大暑是全年最热节气,平均气温均为23.1℃,小寒为最冷节气,平均气温为-7.3℃;平均气温随时间的变化趋势呈单峰单谷型,升温幅度最大值出现在春分,为0.25℃/d,降温最大幅度出现在霜降,为-0.26℃/d;相邻节气之间平均气温变量曲线也为单峰单谷型,峰值出现在清明,变量达0.22℃,是上升最快的节气,谷值出现在霜降,变量为-5.5℃,是气温下降最显著的节气;随着全球气温的变暖,沙坡头区后16年(2000-2015年)各个节气平均气温比前15年(1985-1999年)气温普遍偏高,差值在0.2 ～3.3℃;惊蛰、清明、芒种和小暑4个反映物候现象的节气中,芒种和小暑平均气温随年份呈显著性升高.平均气温对各物候期影响十分显著,气温升高,加速了物候进程,春小麦营养生长期出现延长现象,生殖生长期出现缩短现象,其全生育期呈现缩短趋势.

Climate Change of 24 Solar Terms and the Response of Spring Wheat Phenology in Shapotou Area from 1985 to 2015

Using the daily meteorological data of Shapotou and the phenological data of spring wheat,the climate change of 24 solar terms and the response of spring wheat were analyzed by statistical methods.The results showed that the average temperature of the 24 solar term in Shapotou area showed a single peak type quasi normal distribution,slight heat and great heat were the most hot solar term,the average temperature was 23.1 ℃,but slight cold was the most cold solar term,the average temperature was-7.3 ℃.The change trend of average temperature with time showed a single peak and single valley type,the maximum temperature rise appeared in spring equinox(0.25 ℃/d),the maximum cooling rate appeared in first frost(-0.26 ℃/d).The variables curve of the average temperature between adjacent solar term was single peak and single valley type,the peak appeared in Qingming,variable up to 0.22 ℃,which was the fastest rising solar term;the valley value appeared in first frost,variable was-5.5 ℃,which was the most significant solar term of temperature drop.With the global warming,the average temperature of each solar term after 16 years (from 2000 to 2015)was generally higher than that of the previous 15 years (from 1985 to 1999),the difference was 0.2-3.3 ℃.In four solar terms reflecting the phenological phenomenon (Jingzhe,Qingming,Mangzhong,slight heat),the average temperature with the year was significantly increased in Mangzhong and slight heat.The average temperature had a significant effect on the phenological period,the increase of temperature accelerated the phonological process,the vegetative growth period of spring wheat was prolonged,the reproductive growth period was shortened,and the whole growth period was shortened.