银行业空间演化与企业信贷

在梳理中国银行业改革历程和银行网点分布时空特征的基础上,提出银行空间扩张和地方性银行兴起是中国银行业空间演化的主要动力,并将该过程分解为银行操作距离和银行功能距离。在分析银行业空间演化过程的基础上,进一步引入地方银行业特征变量作为制约企业信贷获得的解释变量。实证结果表明,减小银行操作距离只能改善西部和东北地区企业信贷环境,而降低银行功能距离则能有效提高企业信贷获得,竞争型的地方银行市场能够提高非国有企业的信贷获得,银行本地化进程亦能提高非国有企业信贷获得。在转型经济的制度背景下,市场化力量能够有效扩大银行的安全信贷范围,而分权化过程有效地维护了地方信贷环境。

The Spatial Evolution of Banking Industry and Firm Credit

Under the background of China's transitional economy, the spatial organization structure of banks has been adjusted, and firm credit environment has changed accordingly. This article argues that spatial expansion of banks and rising of local banks are the main motive force for the spatial evolution of banking in China. We use operational distance and functional distance to describe the spatial evolution of banks. Based on the analysis of the spatial evolution of banking industry, this article introduces the local banking characteristics variables as the explanatory variables that restrict firm credit. The empirical results show that reducing the operational distance can only improve the corporate credit environment in the western and northeastern regions of China while reducing the functional distance can effectively improve firm credit. The competitive local banking market can enhance the credit access of non-state-owned enterprises. The localization of banks also increased the access of non-state-owned enterprises to credit, and so on. In the context of transitional economy, marketization forces can effectively increase the range of security credit, while the decentralization process has effectively improved the credit environment of enterprises.