大龄腭裂患者腭咽闭合功能的超声解剖学研究

目的：获取大龄腭裂患者术前、术后腭咽闭合功能的超声解剖学参数,为腭裂修复术前方案的制定、术后疗效评价及指导患者语音训练提供科学依据。方法：应用超声波技术,动态观察并测量30例大龄腭裂患者术前、术后软腭的长度、厚度以及腭咽腔前后径,并分别与30名正常人群(对照组)做对比分析。结果：腭裂患者术前软腭长度为(28.48±4.89)mm,明显短于对照组的(41.13±3.59)mm(P<0.01)；而软腭厚度(6.21±0.69)mm,较对照组的(5.19±0.29)mm显著增加(P<0.01)。术后组的软腭长度(39.25±3.67)mm,明显长于术前组(P<0.01)；而软腭厚度(5.02±0.29)mm,却较术前组变薄(P<0.05)。术后组的软腭长度与软腭厚度均接近于对照组(P>0.05)。术前组的腭咽腔前后径(21.30±2.69)mm,明显大于对照组的(8.93±0.39)mm(P<0.01)。术后组的腭咽腔前后径(12.02±0.99)mm,明显小于术前组(P<0.01)。术后组的腭咽腔前后径显著大于对照组(P<0.01)。结论：大龄腭裂患者术前、术后腭咽闭合相关超声解剖学参数具有显著差异性,可为腭裂患者术前制定个体化治疗方案提供重要的科学依据,为腭裂术后的腭咽闭合功能的评价提供解剖学基础。

The ultrasound anatomical study of the velopharyngeal function in aged patients with cleft palate

Objective:To acquire the ultrasound anatomy parameters of the preoperative and postoperative velopharyngeal function in aged patients with cleft palate for providing the references in formulating preoperative plan,evaluating postoperative effects and guiding speech training. Methods:The length and thickness of the soft palate and anteroposterior diameter of the palate pharynx in 30 aged patients with cleft palate were dynamically measured by ultrasonography before and after the operation,which were compared with 30 normal people. Results:The length and thickness of the soft palate in 30 aged patients with cleft palate(28. 48 ± 4. 89)mm and(6. 21 ± 0. 69)mm] were significantly shorter and longer than those in 30 normal people(41. 13 ± 3. 59)mm and(5. 19 ± 0. 29)mm] before operation,respectively(P<0. 01). Compared before operation,the length and thickness of the soft palate(39. 25 ± 3. 67) mm and (5.02 ±0.29)mm] were obviously long and thin after operation,respectively(P<0.01 and P<0.05),whose were close to that in normal people(P>0. 05). The anteroposterior diameter of the palate pharynx in cleft palate patients(21. 30 ± 2. 69)mm] was longer than that in normal people(8. 93 ± 0. 39)mm] before operation(P<0. 01). After operation,the anteroposterior diameter of the palate pharynx(12.02±0.99)mm]waslessthanthatbeforeoperationincleftpalatepatients(P<0.01).Theanteroposteriordiameterof the palate pharynx in postoperative cleft palate patients was longer than that in normal people(P<0. 05). Conclusions:The significant differences of the ultrasound anatomy parameters of the preoperative and postoperative velopharyngeal closure in aged patients with cleft palate can provide the importantly scientific basis in formulating preoperative plan,evaluating postoperative velopharyngeal function.