疏勒河流域双塔灌区种植结构变化及其原因

基于1996-2010年双塔灌区各乡（镇）农作物类型、种植面积、供水定额、用水定额、作物单产及价格等资料，探讨了气候变化背景下农业种植结构调整原因及其影响。结果表明：研究区2010年作物种植面积较1996年增长2.3倍，其中粮食作物种植面积减少，经济作物和其他作物种植面积增加，农作物总产值和单位产值均明显提高，说明当地种植结构调整优化在产生经济效益方面效果明显。当地种植结构调整主要受自然条件、政策指导、历史根源、农民意愿、市场调节、灌溉供水条件等多方面因素的影响，其中自然条件中的水资源供应状况主要影响作物种植面积，其他因素影响作物种植类型。通过种植结构调整，当地农业产值在增长同时，用水紧张现象较以前有所缓解，地表水基本可以满足农田灌溉需求，减少了对地下水的使用，从而对保护当地生态具有重要意义。

Change of Agricultural Planting Structure and Its Causes in the Shuangta Irrigation District in the Shulehe River Basin

Based on the type of crops, crop area, water supply quotas, water consumption quotas, crop yield and agricultural product price in the Shuangta irrigation district from 1996-2010, the causes and influences of the agricultural planting structure change are analyzed. The results show that: crop areas have increased 2.3 times compared with 1996, in which, grain crop areas decreased, while economic crop areas and the areas other types increased; both gross and unit agricultural output value increased obviously. Up to these, agricultural planting structure changes caused significant effect on economic benefit. Natural condition, policy factor, historical origin, peasants' aspiration, market regulation, and water supply condition are the reasons for the change, in which, natural condition especially water supply determine the total crop area, and other reasons determine the crop types. After the change of agricultural planting structure, the phenomenon of water shortage alleviated and the used amount of ground water was less than before.