2013-2015年北京市东城区流感样病例暴发疫情流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2013-2015 年北京市东城区流感样病例暴发疫情及其流行病学特征。 方法 统计分析2013 年1月至2015 年12月北京市东城区报告的流感样病例暴发疫情的调查报告。 结果 2013年1月至2015年12月北京市东城区共报告13 起流感样病例暴发疫情，报告病例总数为197例，平均罹患率为31.7%。疫情持续时间M＝5.0d，疫情达到峰值时间M＝1.5 d。秋冬季疫情高发，均发生在9月至次年1月。疫情发生在幼儿园，学校和医院，平均罹患率分别为小学生38.8%，中学生17.4%，幼儿园儿童38.7%，医院实习医生41.2%。临床症状以发热（≥38℃）、咳嗽和咽痛为主，分别为157例（79.2%），85例（43.1%）和84例（42.6%）。采集病例咽拭子标本，进行呼吸道病原核酸检测，检出甲型H3N2流感病毒、乙型Yamagata系流感病毒、乙型Victoria系流感病毒、鼻病毒、腺病毒、肺炎衣原体和肺炎链球菌核酸阳性，阳性率分别为12.5%、2.1%、15.6%、3.1%、43.8%、5.2%和1.1%。 结论 2013-2015年北京市东城区流感样病例暴发疫情主要发生在秋冬季，高发于学校及托幼机构，应加强重点机构和人员监测及防控措施落实。

Epidemiology of clustering ILI outbreak in Dongcheng district of Beijing from 2013 to 2015

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiologic characteristics of clustering ILI outbreak in Dongcheng district of Beijing from 2013 to 2015. Methods The investigation reports of clustering ILI outbreak in Dongcheng district of Beijing from 2013-2015 were analyzed. Results A total of 13 clustering ILI outbreak were reported in Dongcheng district of Beijing from 2013 to 2015，involving 197 cases. And the attack rate was 31.7%. The median of the outbreak duration was 5.0 days and the incidence peaked averagely 1.5 days after the outbreak. The outbreaks mainly occurred in autumn and winter. All outbreaks occurred from September to December. The outbreaks occurred in schools, nursery schools and hospital. The overall attack rate was 38.8% in primary, 17.4% in students of middle school, 38.7% in children of the nursery school, and 41.2% in medical interns. Fever (≥38℃), the main clinical symptom，occurred in 157 cases (79.2%). Cough and sore throat developed in 85 cases (43.1%) and 84 cases (42.6%). Throat swab specimens were collected, and were tested using real-time PCR. Among them influenza A3 virus, influenza B Yamagata virus, influenza B Victoria virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus Chlamydia pneumoniae and streptococcus pneumoniae were detected, with positive rates of 12.5%, 2.1%, 15.6%, 3.1%, 43.8%, 5.2% and 1.1%. Conclusion The surveillance for clustering ILI outbreak should be strengthened in schools and nursery school from autumn to winter. The prevention and control measures of risk population should be enhanced.