医护人员职业紧张状况及应对措施研究

目的 了解医护人员职业紧张现状及其影响因素,提出预防职业紧张的对应措施。方法 采用整群抽样法,将医院工作时间大于6个月的医护人员作为研究对象,采用自制基本资料调查表及职业紧张量表进行问卷调查。结果 发放调查问卷600份,有效调查问卷573份,有效回收率为95.5%;本研究个体紧张反应及各子项目均显著高于常模,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);医护人员紧张反应的主要影响因素为工作环境、社会支持、任务冲突、任务不适和任务过重。结论 医护人员普遍处于较高的职业紧张水平,管理者应采用三级预防的综合措施,从紧张的来源、提高个人紧张敏感度、发展响应更敏感的管理系统3个方面着手,减轻医护人员紧张心理,提高工作效率。

Study of occupational stress status quo in medical staff and its corresponding measures

Objective To identify the occupational stress status quo in medical staff and its influencing factors, so as to bring up corresponding measures for occupational stress. Methods By cluster sampling, the medical staff in a hospital whose service year longer than six months were selected and surveyed with a self-designed general information questionnaire and an occupational stress scale. Results The actual valid questionnaires were 573 pieces, and the valid return rate was 95.5%. The scores of stress reaction and subitem of occupational mission of these study objects were much higher than those of the norm, and the differences between them were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The main influence factors of occupational stress in medical staff were PE, SS, RB, RI and RO. Conclusion Most medical staff are in a high level of occupational stress, which ask for the hospital managers to adopt comprehensive measures of three-grade prevention. Three aspects of source of tension, personal stress sensitivity, and more sensitive response management system should be focused to reduce the psychological tension of medical staff and improve their work efficiency.