鹅对菜籽粕代谢能和营养物质利用率的评定

【目的】利用套算法评定不同来源菜籽粕的鹅代谢能及营养物质利用率。【方法】选取健康、体重接近的200日龄成年公鹅30只，随机分为5组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组），每组6个重复，每个重复1只鹅。4种菜籽粕分别由加拿大进口油菜籽及江苏省苏州市、宿迁市、盐城市本地生产的油菜籽榨油而成。采用强饲法进行代谢试验，强饲量80 g，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别以4种菜籽粕替代30%基础饲粮，试验Ⅴ组强饲基础饲料，并收集内源粪便，做内源校正。【结果】①4种菜籽粕中的总能（GE）、干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）、粗灰分（Ash）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、钙（Ca）、总磷（TP）含量的平均值分别是17.48 MJ/kg、88.95%、42.22%、2.47%、7.93%、22.42%、37.81%、0.83%和1.09%。②鹅对4种菜籽粕的表观代谢能（AME）、真代谢能（TME）平均值分别为12.27和13.05 MJ/kg，且AME、TME存在显著的组间差异（P＜0.05）；鹅对4种菜籽粕CP真利用率平均值为44.84%，对DM、EE、Ash、ADF、NDF、Ca和TP的表观利用率平均值分别为70.71%、76.48%、38.07%、43.31%、51.67%、46.09%和48.99%，其中，CP、DM、EE和NDF利用率存在显著的组间差异（P＜0.05）。【结论】菜籽粕营养成分丰富，其代谢能与豆粕、麦麸等接近；鹅对菜籽粕EE、NDF、Ca、TP利用率较高，但对CP利用率较低。鹅对不同地区菜籽粕的代谢能、CP、DM和NDF利用率有显著差异，其中，试验Ⅰ组的AME、TME高于其他3组，试验Ⅳ组的CP利用率最高。

Evaluation of Metabolizable Energy and Nutrient Utilization of Rapeseed Meal by Geese

【Objective】 The metabolizable energy values of different sources of rapeseed meals and the utilization of their nutrients by geese were evaluated using set algorithm.【Method】 Thirty healthy,200-day-old adult male geese were selected and randomly divided into five groups (groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ),with six replicates in each group and one goose in each replicate.4 types of rapeseed meal were extracted from rapeseed imported from Canada and rapeseed locally produced in Suzhou,Suqian and Yancheng,Jiangsu province,respectively.Metabolic test was conducted by forced feeding method with a feeding amount of 80 g.Four types of rapeseed meals were used to replace 30% of the basal diet in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ,respectively, the basal diet was forced fed in group Ⅴ,and endogenous feces were collected for endogenous correction.【Result】 ① Gross energy (GE),dry matter (DM),crude protein (CP),crude fat (EE),crude ash (Ash),acid detergent fiber (ADF),neutral detergent fiber (NDF),calcium (Ca),and total phosphorus (TP) contents in four kinds of rapeseed meals were 17.48 MJ/kg,88.95%,42.22%,2.47%,7.93%,22.42%,37.81%,0.83%,and 1.09%,respectively.② The mean values of apparent metabolic energy (AME) and true metabolic energy (TME) of four rapeseed meals in geese were 12.27 and 13.05 MJ/kg,respectively,and there were significant differences among groups in AME and TME (P＜0.05).The mean CP true utilization of four rapeseed meals by geese was 44.84%.The mean apparent utilization of DM,EE,Ash,ADF,NDF,Ca,and TP were 70.71%,76.48%,38.07%,43.31%,51.67%,46.09%,and 48.99%,respectively, there were significant differences between groups in utilization rates of CP,DM,EE and NDF (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Rapeseed meal was rich in nutrients,and its metabolic energy was similar to that of soybean meal and wheat bran. Geese could utilize its EE,NDF,Ca,and TP at a higher level,but CP utlization was at a lower level.The metabolic energy,ADF,NDF,and TP utilization of rapeseed meals by geese in different regions differed significantly,with AME and TME in group Ⅰ being higher than the other three groups and CP utilization in test group Ⅳ being the highest.