黑龙江小北湖国家级自然保护区药用植物资源调查

目的]探明黑龙江小北湖国家级自然保护区野生药用植物资源种类,为保护区保护和合理开发利用药用植物资源及其他调查研究提供参考。方法]通过野外调查和查阅黑龙江省植物志、中国高等植物图鉴等文献资料,归类统计和分析保护区药用植物资源。结果]经初步调查,黑龙江小北湖国家级自然保护区有野生药用植物75科189属241种;优势科有菊科、毛茛科、蔷薇科、百合科等,优势属有蓼属和堇菜属等;多年生草本药用植物占有显著优势,其种类占保护区总药用植物的68.46%;在保护区野生药用植物中,清热类药用植物所占比例最大,为32.78%;保护区共含有7种珍稀濒危野生药用植物,其中濒危类野生药用植物有人参,渐危类野生药用植物有刺五加、胡桃楸、黄芪、野大豆、水曲柳、黄檗。结论]对保护区周边群众加强保护野生植物资源重要性的宣传,严禁进山乱砍、乱挖、乱踩及破坏植被等行为;对经济价值较高的野生药用植物需引种驯化和合理开发利用。

Survey of Medicinal Herbs of Heilongjiang Xiaobeihu National Nature Reserve

Objective]Wild medicinal plant resources in Heilongjiang Xiaobeihu National Nature Reserve were investigated to provide references for Xiaobeihu Nature Reserve protection and these resources' utilization as well as the other research on Xiaobeihu National Nature Reserve.Method]Types of wild medicinal plant resources in Xiaobeihu Nature Reserve were classified and analyzed byusing field investigation and literature meterials including Heilongjiang Flora and China Higher Botanical Illustration.Result]In this preliminary investigation,these were 75 families,189 genera,241 species wild medicinal plants in Heilongjiang Xiaobeihu National Nature Reserve.Dominant families were mainly Compositae,Ranunculaceae,Rosaceae,Liliaceae etc.,and dominant genus were Polygonum and Viola etc..Perennial herb medicinal plants occupied a significant advantage,and its species accounted for 68.46% of the total medicinal plants in nature reserve.In wild medicinal plants,the largest proportion of heat-clearing medicinal plants was 32.78%.Nature reserve contain 7 kinds of rare and endangered wild medicinal plants,including Panax ginseng,Acanthopanax senticosus,Juglans mandshurica,Astragalus membranaceus,Glycine soja,Fraxinus mandshurica and Phellodendron amurense. Conclusion]Public awareness of protecting wild plants should be enhanced through propaganda and education.Improper cutting,digging and mining should be strictly prohibited to avoid vegetation destruction.Concerning wild medicinal plants with high economic value,good varieties should be introduced,domesticated,developed and utilized.