内蒙古高原土地利用/覆被变化对气温变化的影响分析

土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）会对近地面的气温测量产生影响。论文基于气象站点气温资料，1：10 万LUCC数据集以及NCEP再分析气温资料，利用“观测减去再分析（OMR）”方法拆解出土地覆被对气温变化的单独贡献，借助Sen 趋势与Mann-Kendall 非参数检验计算方法分析了内蒙古地区1980-2010 年间不同土地覆被类型，以及不同土地利用方式对气温及其变化趋势的影响。结果表明，研究区近30 a 来LUCC对气温的影响总体表现出显著升温的作用，增加趋势为0.29 ℃/10 a。不同土地覆被类型对气温升高趋势的影响从大到小为：沙地>建设用地>草地>耕地，而且具有明显空间差异。同一种土地覆被类型在不同气候环境下的温度变化趋势差异也较大。1990-2005年间气象站点缓冲区内LUCC变化类型主要以耕地开垦、城市扩张以及草地面积减少为主，在一定程度上反映了整个内蒙古地区的LUCC特征，特别是人类活动的影响。下垫面的改变对1990-2005年间气温上升贡献了0.49 ℃。土地覆盖变化在1980-2010期间呈现逐渐加剧的趋势，特别是2000年以后，城市化的迅速发展显著提高了气温的升温趋势。

Impact Analysis of Climate Change from Land Use/Cover Change in Inner Mongolia Plateau

Land use/cover change (LUCC) will impact near the ground temperature measurement. Based on the temperature data from meteorological stations, 1:100000 LUCC data sets and NCEP reanalysis temperature data, we use"observation minus reanalysis (OMR)"method to extract the land cover individual contributions for temperature change. Also we use Sen trend method and Mann-Kendall nonparametric test to analyze the impact of air temperature and the change caused by LUCC. The result show that the air temperature generally exhibit significant warming trend during the study area in recent 30 years, the trend is 0.29 ℃/10 a. The order of different land cover type trend of temperature increase is sand land>built-up land> grassland>farmland. The temperature increase trend is different during different land cover types. Even the same land cover type could display different trends. The main LUCC change types are farmland reclamation, urban expansion and decrease in grassland area during the station buffer area between 1990-2005. To some extent, this result could reflects the whole LUCC change characteristics in the Inner Mongolia region, especially the anthropologic effects. LUCC caused the temperature increase 0.49 ℃ during 1990-2005. Between the 1980-2010, land cover changes gradually increased, especially after 2000, the rapid urbanization significantly increase the region temperature rising trend.