固体氧化物燃料电池阳极的相转化流延制备和电化学性能研究

采用相转化流延一步制备了NiO-Zr_0.84Y_0.16O_2-δ (YSZ)阳极支撑层和功能层, 前者厚度为~700 μm, 含有沿厚度方向定向排列的开放直孔, 后者厚度为~60 μm。采用浆料涂膜法和高温共烧在阳极上制备厚度为15 μm的YSZ电解质薄膜, 丝网印刷制备YSZ-La_0.84Sr_0.16MnO_3-δ (LSM)(质量比50:50)阴极。所制备的单电池显示出较高的电输出性能。以H₂-3%H₂O为燃料和环境空气为氧化剂, 800 ℃时电池的峰功率密度达到891 mW/cm², 电池即使在高电流密度测试条件下也未出现明显的浓差极化, 这是由于其阳极具有开放直孔结构, 气相输运阻力小。

Phase Inversion Tape Casting and Electrochemical Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode

For an anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the anode consists of a thick support layer with large pores and a thin functional layer with small pores. In the present work, the anode of NiO and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) comprising a porous support layer of ~700 μm thick and a functional layer of ~60 μm thick were formed in a single step using the phase inversion tape casting method. For the as-prepared anode, the support layer contained large open pores which were aligned along the thickness direction. A thin dense YSZ electrolyte layer with a thickness of 15 μm was deposited onto the anode by dip-coating and co-sintering techniques. A composite cathode of YSZ-La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3-δ (LSM) with a weight ratio of 50:50 was screen-printed on the surface of the YSZ electrolyte layer. The resulting fuel cell exhibited promising electrochemical performance. A maximum power density of 891 mW/cm² was obtained at 800 ℃ using H₂-3% H₂O as the fuel and ambient air as the oxidant. The cell did not show any sign of concentration polarization even at high current densities, which should be attributed to the open straight pore structure and resultant fast gas-phase transport in the anode support.