补偿中华鲟产卵场水动力环境的梯级水库联合生态调度研究

三峡—葛洲坝梯级水利枢纽工程的建设和运行阻隔了长江部分洄游鱼类的洄游通道,梯级水库的联合调度运行改变了坝下河道天然径流过程,对被迫在坝下形成新产卵场的珍稀水生物中华鲟的产卵繁殖产生一定影响。为有效保护中华鲟资源,在明确梯级水库调度运行与中华鲟产卵场产卵适合度相关性分析的基础上,提出优化三峡下泄流量和葛洲坝运行方式相结合的三峡—葛洲坝梯级水库生态调度方式,以补偿中华鲟产卵栖息所需的河流生境。通过以三峡水库的实际来流过程输入水库生态调度模型,得出中华鲟产卵期(每年10—12月)补偿其产卵栖息水环境的梯级水库联合生态调度方式。根据梯级水库生态调度与现有调度结果进行分析比较结果表明:梯级水库联合生态调度可在满足三峡水库常规调度目标的基础上同时满足中华鲟产卵所需的生态流量,配合葛洲坝电厂优化调度运行方式,可有效增加坝下中华鲟产卵场水动力环境产卵适合度,补偿梯级水库运行对中华鲟产卵生境造成的不利影响。

Study on joint eco-operation of cascade reservoirs for compensation of hydrodynamic environment of Chinese Sturgeon spawning ground

The construction and operation of the Three Gorges—Gezhouba Cascade Water Control Projects obstructs the migration pathway of a part of the migration fish， while the joint-operation of the cascade reservoirs changes the downstream natural river runoff process of the dams， from which a certain impact occurs on the reproduction of the rare fish——the Chinese Sturgeon with the new spawning ground forced to be formed at the downstream of the dams. In order to effectively protect the resource of the Chinese Sturgeon， the eco-operation mode of the Three Gorges—Gezhouba Cascade Reservoirs in combination with the optimization of both the discharge flow rate of the Three Gorges Project and the operation mode of Gezhouba Project is put forward on the basis of the analysis to explicit the correlation between the operation of the cascade reservoirs and the reproduction suitability of the spawning ground， so as to compensate the river habitat necessary for the reproduction and inhabit of the Chinese Sturgeon. Through inputting the actual inflow process of the Three Gorges Reservoir into the reservoir eco-operation model， a joint eco-operation mode of the cascade reservoirs for compensating the water environment for the reproduction and inhabit of the Chinese Sturgeon during its spawning period （October~December） is obtained. The result from the comparative analysis on the eco-operation of the cascade reservoirs and the existing operation shows that the joint eco-operation of the cascade reservoirs can meet the flow rate necessary for the spawning of the Chinese Sturgeon on the basis of meeting the conventional operation target of the Three Gorges Reservoir at the same time， moreover， if it is coordinated with the optimized operation mode of Gezhouba Hydropower Plant， the spawning suitability of the hydrodynamic environment for the spawning ground of the Chinese Sturgeon can be effectively enhanced for compensating the adverse impact from the operation of the cascade reservoirs on the spawning habitat of the Chinese Sturgeon.