Waste capiz (Amusium cristatum) shell as a new heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China;3. Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;4. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;1. Department of Biotechnology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada;2. Department of Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada;4. Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada;1. Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Curtin Sarawak Research Institute, Curtin University, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia;5. Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | The waste Capiz shell was utilized as raw material for catalyst production for biodiesel preparation. During calcination process, the calcium carbonate content in the waste capiz shell was converted to CaO. This calcium oxide was used as catalyst for transesterification reaction between palm oil and methanol to produce biodiesel. The biodiesel preparation was conducted under the following conditions: the mole ration between methanol and palm oil was 8:1, stirring speed was 700 rpm, and reaction temperature was 60 °C for 4, 5, and 6 h reaction time. The amount of catalyst was varied at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt %. The maximum yield of biodiesel was 93 ± 2.2%, obtained at 6 h of reaction time and 3 wt % of amount of catalyst. In order to examine the reusability of catalyst developed from waste of capiz (Amusium cristatum) shell, three transesterification reaction cycles were also performed. |
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