德阳活动板房住宅室内空气卫生状况监测分析

目的探讨德阳活动板房住宅室内空气卫生状况,为灾后卫生防病提供科学依据。方法各县（市、区）随机选取大、中、小板房区,按梅花状或对角线方法,抽取住宅活动板房住户80户,未倒塌居住户31户,室外对照点8个,监测室内空气温度、湿度、风速、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、甲醛、可吸入颗粒物、细菌总数指标,随机对其中的12户板房居住户增测室内空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯指标。结果12户活动板房室内空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯结果均低于仪器检出下限,各监测点其他监测指标均值,活动板房住宅室内甲醛（0.03mg/m^3）略高于未倒塌房（0.01mg/m^3）,室内温度高于室外对照,室内风速低于室外对照;未倒塌房的风速低于室外对照,而二氧化碳高于室外对照,差异均有统计学意义。住宅活动板房、未倒塌房监测合格率分别为38.75%、45.16%,不合格指标主要是可吸入颗粒物,其次是空气细菌总数。结论降低室内空气中可吸入颗粒物、细菌总数,加强室内空气卫生监测工作,是灾后活动板房卫生防病的重要工作。

Surveillance of Indoor Air Quality of Prefab Houses in Deyang

Objective To survey the indoor air quality of prefab houses in Deyang and provide the scientific basis for the epidemic prevention during post disaster period. Methods Eighty households in prefab houses and 31 households in ordinary houses were selected to monitor the indoor temperature, humidity, wind speed, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and formaldehyde contents, respirable particle and the total bacterial count. Twelve households were selected randomly to monitor the content of benzene, toluene, xylene in indoor air. Results The contents of benzene, toluene, xylene in indoor air Of 12 prefab houses were lower than the limits. The average value of other surveillance indicators and the formaldehyde content in indoor air of prefab houses （0. 03 mg/m^3） were shghtly higher than ordinary houses （ 0. 01 mg/m^3）. The indoor temperature was higher than the outdoor temperature, the indoor wind speed was lower, ordinary houses＇ wind speed was lower, but carbon dioxide content was higher. The difference had statistical significance. The qualified rates of prefab houses and ordinary houses were 38.75%, 45. 16%, respectively, and the unqualified indicators were mainly the content of respirable particle, followed by total bacterial count. Conclusion It is important to reduce respirable particle and total bacterial count in indoor air and strengthen indoor air quality surveillance for the epidemic prevention in prefab houses after the earthquake.