性别对舍饲育肥牦牛肉品质的影响

为研究性别对舍饲育肥牦牛肉品质的影响,选取2.5岁健康麦洼公牦牛和母牦牛各6头,舍饲育肥194 d后全部屠宰,采集背最长肌,测定肉质相关指标。结果表明:公牦牛组肌肉蒸煮损失显著低于母牦牛组(P<0.05),而肉色和pH等指标差异不显著(P>0.05);公牦牛组肌肉的剪切力、总胶原蛋白含量、胶原蛋白热溶解度、可溶性胶原蛋白含量显著高于母牦牛组(P<0.05),而肌纤维密度、直径和面积差异不显著(P>0.05);性别对肌肉中抗氧化性指标含量无显著影响(P>0.05);公牦牛组肌肉中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著低于母牦牛(P<0.05),粗灰分显著高于母牦牛(P<0.05);公牦牛组必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例(the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids,EAA/TAA)和必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids,EAA/NEAA)显著高于母牦牛组(P<0.05),而鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例(the ratio of umami amino acids to total amino acids,FAA/TAA)显著低于母牦牛组(P<0.05);公牦牛组胱氨酸含量显著低于母牦牛组(P<0.05),亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和组氨酸含量显著高于母牦牛组(P<0.05),其它氨基酸差异不显著(P>0.05)。山嵛酸、11,14-二十碳烯酸和γ-亚麻酸仅在母牦牛组肌肉中检出,母牦牛组肌肉中顺-10-十七碳烯酸显著高于公牦牛组(P<0.05),其余脂肪酸差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,与公牦牛相比,母牦牛肌肉的剪切力更低,而粗蛋白和肌内脂肪含量更高,且鲜味氨基酸的含量和脂肪酸组成高于公牦牛,具有作为优质牦牛肉生产的潜力。

Effect of Gender on Meat Quality of House-fed Fattening Yak

To investigate the effect of gender on meat quality of house-fed fattening yaks,male yaks and female yaks(6 yaks,respectively)were selected with 2.5-year-old and healthy. All yaks were slaughtered after 194 days house-fed fattening. The longissimus dorsi muscle was collected and the meat quality related indicators were measured. The results showed as follows:The cooking loss of yak meat in the male yaks was significant lower than that of female yaks(P<0.05),there were no significant differences in meat color,pH,and other indexes(P>0.05). Compared with the female yaks,yak meat had higher shear force,total collagen,collagen thermal solubility and soluble collagen contents in the male yaks(P<0.05),and had no significant effect on muscle fibers density,diameter and area(P>0.05). In addition,there was no significant difference in the contents of antioxidant indexes in yak meat of different gender(P>0.05). Compared with the male yaks,there were higher crude protein and crude fat contents(P<0.05),and lower ash contents than that of the female yaks(P<0.05). The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was significantly higher than that of the female yaks(P<0.05),and the ratio of umami amino acids to total amino acids was significantly lower than that of the female yaks(P<0.05). The contents of Cystine in the male yaks was significantly lower than that in the female yaks(P<0.05). The contents of Leuine,Phenylalanine and Histidine were significantly higher than that of the female yaks(P<0.05),and the other amino acids were not significantly different(P>0.05). Docosanoic acid(C22:0),11c,14c-eicosadienoic acid(C20:2)and gamma linolenic acid(C18:3n6)were only detected in the muscle of the female yaks,10-heptadecenoicacid(C17:1)in the female yaks was significantly higher than that in the male yaks(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in other fatty acid indexes(P>0.05). In conclusion,female yaks muscle had lower drip loss,higher crude protein and intramuscular fat contents,and the umami amino acid contents and fatty acid composition were higher than that of male yaks,which would have better development potential.