不同产地芡实的品质特性评价

本文通过采用高效液相色谱(UPLC)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)等方法,旨在从外观、主要营养成分、活性成分、微量元素四个方面,对江苏、安徽、江西等13个不同栽培区或种植基地的芡实品质进行综合评价。结果表明:不同产地芡实外观和组分含量指标之间差异明显。苏芡个体较大,种仁圆整,在果形指数、百果质量、果壳厚度、出仁率方面与刺芡存在显著差异(p<0.05)。江苏省扬州市和江西省上饶市的芡实种仁淀粉含量分别为76.84%、76.53%,显著高于其他产地芡实(p<0.05);粗蛋白含量(13.61%)最高的是江苏省淮安市的芡实;江西省上饶市的芡实的脂肪含量百分比(0.66%)最大,并显著(p<0.05)高于其他产地芡实;安徽省天长市的芡实中元素K(1458.90μg/g)、Mg(348.95μg/g)、P(1590.67μg/g)、Zn(38.39μg/g)的含量均高于其他产地,但元素Ca(90.79μg/g)、Mn(15.99μg/g)的含量低于其他产地;建立了13个产地芡实的共有高效液相色图谱,确定了12个共有峰,样品相似度大于0.84。通过主成分分析将23个指标降维为6个主成分,反映了原变量91.20%的信息;聚类分析结果将13个样品分为两大类,第一类聚集了不同产地的苏芡;第二类聚集不同产地的刺芡,芡实品质受品种影响较大。本研究测定的多指标成分,为芡实的质量控制及鉴别提供一定的理论依据。

Quality Characteristics Evaluation of Euryale Ferox Salisb from Different Growing Regions

The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the quality traits of the Euryale Ferox Salisb which was collected from 13 different cultivation areas or planting bases in Jiangsu,Anhui and Jiangxi province from the appearance,main nutrients,active ingredients and microelements by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer,etc. Results indicated that there were variant differences in the appearance and content of the components of Euryale Ferox Salisb in different varieties and origins. South Euryale had large individuals and rounded kernels,and there was a significant difference in the fruit shape index,quality of the fruit,thickness of the fruit shell,and rate of seed kernels between South Euryale and North Euryale(p<0.05). The starch content of Euryale kernels in Yangzhou City of Jiangsu province and Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province was 76.84% and 76.53%,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of others(p<0.05). The highest crude protein content(13.61%)was in the Huaian city of Jiangsu province. While,the fat content(0.66%)was the highest in the Shangrao city of Jiangxi province,and was significantly higher than that in other producing areas(p<0.05). The contents of element K(1458.90 μg/g),Mg(348.95 μg/g),P(1590.67 μg/g)and Zn(38.39 μg/g)in the Tianchang city of Anhui province were higher than those of others,but the elements Ca(90.79 μg/g),Mn(15.99 μg/g)content was lower than other origin. The chromatographic fingerprints of Euryale from 13 production sites was established,and 12 common peaks were identified. The sample similarity was greater than 0.84. According to the principal component analysis,the 23 indexes reduced to 6 indicators,which reflected 91.20% of the original variables. In the cluster analysis,13 samples were clustered into 2 classes. The South Euryale in different regions were clustered into one class,and the rest of North Euryale were clustered into another one. The quality of Euryale Ferox Salisb were greatly affected by varieties. In summary,the multicomponents determined in this study provided a theoretical basis for the quality control and identification of tamping.