我国类鼻疽病的流行病学特征及诊疗的研究进展

类鼻疽病是由类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia pseudomallei)感染引起的一类人畜共患病,主要流行于全球热带及亚热带地区。在我国主要流行于南部地区,疫源地为海南、广东、广西、台湾等。伴随着旅游业和贸易业的发展,我国其他非疫区出现了输入性病例。类鼻疽病的感染途径主要为经伤口、粘膜、呼吸道、消化道等,其病变可涉及机体所有器官,易造成较高的误诊率和病死率。然而我国目前类鼻疽病的流行病筛查技术存在一定的局限性,在防控方面未实行有效的疾病监测和疾病报告制度,对基层医师和民众疾病知识普及的力度不够。因此,本文旨在提高我国医务工作者对类鼻疽病的重视程度,从类鼻疽病的病原学特征、流行病学特征、临床特征、诊断与治疗、防控措施这五个方面进行详细综述。

Epidemiological features,diagnosis and treatment of melioidosis in China

Melioidosis is a kind of zoonosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei.It is mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.In China,the epidemic is mainly in the southern region,and the focus is Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Taiwan,etc.With the development of tourism and trade,imported cases have appeared in other non epidemic areas in China.The infection route of melioidosis is mainly through wound,mucous membrane,respiratory tract,digestive tract,etc.Its pathological changes can involve all organs of the body,which is easy to cause high misdiagnosis rate and mortality rate.However,there are some limitations in the current epidemic screening technology of melioidosis in China.In terms of prevention and control,there is no effective disease monitoring and disease reporting system,and the popularization of disease knowledge by grassroots doctors and the public is not enough.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to improve the importance of Chinese medical workers to the disease,which will be summarized from the following five aspectsetiological characteristics,epidemiological characteristics,clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment,prevention and control measures.