PD-1/PD-L1拮抗剂在小细胞肺癌治疗中的研究进展

小细胞肺癌是以广泛转移和预后不良为特征的一种恶性肿瘤。虽然34%~85%的小细胞肺癌对化疗有效,但疾病进展迅速,后续的二线治疗效果很不理想,并且近几十年的治疗方案没有突破性进展。近几年生物治疗迅速发展,免疫治疗成为继靶向治疗后的又一次飞跃。程序性死亡蛋白-1(PD-1)与程序性死亡受体-配体1(PD-L1)结合,抑制了CD4^+和CD8^+T细胞的增殖和活化,负性调控机体免疫机制应答过程,从而介导肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸,促进肿瘤生长。PD-1/PD-L1拮抗剂在SCLC中的临床前及临床研究中均获得了良好效果,让更多的小细胞肺癌患者受益,尽可能的延长生存时间。本文就PD-1/PD-L1拮抗剂在小细胞肺癌中的研究进展作一综述。

Research progress of PD-1/PD-L1 antagonist in small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer(SCLC) is a malignant tumor characterized by extensive metastasis and poor prognosis.Although 34%~85% of small cell lung cancer is effective for chemotherapy，the disease progresses rapidly and the follow-up second-line treatment is even less effective.There has been no significant improvement in standard treatment over the last 30 years.The binding of programmed death protein 1(PD-1) to programmed death receptor-ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibits the proliferation and activation of CD4 and CD8 positive T cells，and negatively regulates the immune response of the body，to mediate the immune escape of tumor cells and promote tumor growth.Immunosurveillance site inhibitors，especially programmed cell death receptor-1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1) antagonists，have achieved good results in preclinical and clinical studies in SCLC，and benefited more patients with small cell lung cancer.This paper reviews the research progress of PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists in SCLC.