SZ36-1原油加工预处理过程原油结垢分析

对加工SZ36-1原油的炼化公司换热器结垢位置情况进行分析，采用X射线多晶衍射、碳氢元素分析、红外光谱等方法表征换热器结垢物的主要组成。X射线多晶衍射结果表明炼油厂装置结垢物中除砂土外的无机组分主要来自于原油含水对管线和装置的腐蚀产物；结垢物和SZ36-1原油的氢碳原子比结果表明结垢物中的有机组分主要来自于原油；红外光谱分析结果表明结垢物中含有丙烯酰胺类聚合物，并且与上游加注的疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺特征峰一致。综上分析认为，结垢物的产生与采油过程中加注的聚合物疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺有关。通过换热器动态模拟装置模拟含聚合物原油的结垢过程，结果表明：当温度高于85 ℃、原油中水质量分数为5%左右时，在换热器低流速段极易凝胶结垢；同时模拟装置结垢物的物理性质与炼油装置采集的垢样一致，进一步证明了聚丙烯酰胺主要起到凝集交联作用，将原油类物质包裹束缚住形成了结垢物。

ANALYSIS OF SCALING DURING THE PRETREATMENT PROCESS OF SZ36-1 CRUDE OIL

The scaling locations in the heat exchanger processing SZ36-1 crude oil in a refinery were analyzed. XRD, IR, and hydrocarbon element analysis techniques were used to characterize the main components of the scale. The XRD results showed that the inorganic components in the scale except sand mainly came from the water corrosion in crude oil on pipelines and equipment. The hydrogen-carbon ratios of the scale and the crude oil indicated that the organic components in the scale mainly came from crude oil.The infrared spectroscopy results indicated that the scale contained acrylamide polymers, and its characteristic peak was consistent with the hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide injected in upstream process. It was believed that the generation of scale was related to the hydrophobic associated polyacrylamide added during the oil recovery process. The dynamic simulation showed that when water content was more than 5% and at 85℃，scaling occurred in the position of heat exchanger where flow rate was low. At the same time, the physical properties of the simulated scale were consistent with the scale samples collected from the oil refining device, which further proved that polyacrylamide mainly acts as agglomeration and crosslinking, binding the crude oil material to form scale.