甲烷干重整及金属-载体相互作用

CO2和CH4均是温室气体的重要成员并且数量可观,其资源化利用对于应对气候变化和能源危机具有重要意义。甲烷干重整是经典转化方式之一,将CO2 “供氧”还原反应和CH4 “需氧”氧化反应结合起来并相互转化,其产物合成气(H2和CO)可用于费 托合成碳氢化合物液态燃料。近年来,干重整已经成为能源环境领域热点之一,在重整新工艺和催化剂设计策略方面取得了重要进展,推动了高活性和高稳定性催化剂和新工艺研发。详细综述了甲烷干重整工艺和催化剂的研究成果,重点介绍了干重整工艺新发展和催化剂功能设计,结合Ni载体相互作用、双金属协同效应、界面效应、单原子催化等新策略对干重整工艺中的基础科学问题进行了探讨,并对干重整技术现有难点和未来发展方向进行了展望。

Dry Reforming of Methane and Metal-Support Interactions

CO2 and CH4 are important members of greenhouse gases with considerable reserves. It is of great significance to use them as resources to cope with climate change and energy crisis. Methane dry reforming is one of the classical transformation modes, which combines CO2 "oxygen supply" reduction reaction and CH4 "oxygen demand" oxidation reaction and realizes mutual transformation. The synthesis gas (H2 and CO) produced by it can be used in Fischer-Tropsch process to synthesize hydrocarbon liquid fuels. Recently, the concept of dry reforming has become one of the hot topics in the field of energy and environment. Important progresses have been made in reforming processes and catalyst design strategies, which has promoted development of new processes and catalysts with high activity and stability. Here, the research results of methane dry reforming process and catalyst are elaborated in details, with emphasis on the new development of dry reforming process and the design of catalysts. Together with new strategies such as Ni-support interaction, bimetallic synergistic effect, crystal-plane effect and monatomic catalysis, basic scientific problems, existing difficulties and future development directions of dry reforming technology are discussed.