中国城市网络化物流联系空间格局与结构——基于快递网点数据的研究

作为城市关系的重要形式,快递物流直接涉及城市间物质流动。基于快递网点数据,论文以中国336个地级以上城市为研究单元,综合运用GIS空间分析、社会网络分析以及位序—规模法则等方法对中国城市网络的空间格局、特征与结构进行分析。研究表明：① 城市间物流联系的空间格局具有层级性与不均衡性,并受区位条件影响呈现出东中西地带性递减特征;② 整体联系中,快递网络的密度较低且具有明显的核心—边缘结构,核心区凭借良好的通达性而呈现出小世界性;③ 局部联系中,广东、浙江以及江苏等省区间形成高等级网络联系与集群规模,并促进了资源的跨区域流动;④ 个体网络中,城市联通度大致服从幂律分布,并且其规模分布符合Zipf法则而呈现出双分形结构。此外,快递网络中城市地位除了与经济以及人口规模密切相关外,行政等级也起着较为重要的作用。

Spatial pattern and structure of networked logistics connection of cities in China based on express logistics branch data

As an important form of city relations, express logistics directly involves interurban material flows. Based on the data of multiple express logistics branches in 2019, this study analyzed the spatial pattern, characteristics, and structure of urban networks covering 336 urban administrative regions in China. The data were analyzed using GIS spatial analysis, social network analysis, Zipf law, and so on to reveal the features of China's urban system and regional development under globalization. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The spatial pattern of interurban logistics connection is hierarchical and imbalanced, and it shows the characteristics of westward decline due to the location conditions. 2) With regard to the overall connection, the density of the express logistics network is low and has a core-periphery structure, and the core area presents a small world characteristic with good accessibility and reciprocity. In addition, the intensity of agglomeration indicates the development trend of different urban agglomerations and reflects the radiation effect of core cities. 3) With regard to the local connection, provinces such as Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu have formed high-level network connection and clusters, and promoted cross-regional flow of resources. 4) With regard to the individual networks, the degree of urban connectivity conforms to the Zipf law with a double fractal. In addition, economic and population scales have a strong correlation with urban connectivity, and city administrative level also plays an important role. However, express logistics companies still need to strengthen their service capabilities to reduce the risk of under capacity during the peak period.