软土中浅埋法向承力锚位移破坏标准模型试验

为确定浅埋软黏土中法向承力锚的位移破坏标准，利用实验室自行开发的电动伺服加载控制装置，对埋置在饱和软黏土中深度为3倍锚板宽度、系缆力角度为30°的法向承力锚模型进行了荷载和位移控制的静力加载试验。依据试验结果，以极限承载力与锚板宽度为参考，对锚板法向荷载与位移进行归一化处理，通过归一化曲线确定了法向承力锚的位移破坏标准，即破坏位移约为0.38倍锚板宽度。另外，依据锚板的尺寸、埋深及试验土体的强度条件，利用经验公式对锚的极限承载力进行了计算。结果表明，以该位移破坏标准确定的极限承载力与经验公式计算结果基本一致，两者相差均不超过10%，初步验证了该位移破坏标准的合理性。

Model tests on failure criterion of shallow-buried vertically loaded plate anchors in soft clay

In order to study the failure displacement criterion of shallow-buried vertically loaded anchors(VLA) in soft clay, displacement-controlled and load-controlled static loading model tests are conducted by using an electric servo loading apparatus developed by the authors. The embedment depth of vertically loaded anchors is 3 times of the plate width and the acute angle between the plate and horizontal line is 30°. The normalized curve is obtained by normalizing the normal load and displacement based on the ultimate bearing capacity and width of the anchor plate; then, the failure displacement criterion of the vertically loaded anchor can be determined according to that. The model test results show that the failure displacement is about 0.38 times the width of anchor plate when the anchor failure occurs. Besides, on the basis of the size of anchor plate, the burial depth and the strength of soil for tests, the ultimate bearing capacity of anchor is calculated by using the empirical formula. It turned out that the ultimate bearing capacity of vertically loaded anchors determined according to the failure displacement criterion is nearly identical to the value determined based on the empirical formula. The difference between them is less than 10%. The rationality of the failure displacement criterion is verified by the comparison.