危险品道路安全运输路径优化方法探讨

危险品道路运输量逐年增加,对人类安全健康的危害的风险正在扩大和加深,一旦发生事故,其后果极为严重。笔者从人-机-环境角度分析了危险品道路运输系统的组成要素,基于对运输网、运输风险源、后果影响区域3个层次辨识,分析运输过程中的风险影响因素,提出危险品道路运输路径优化选择的一般方法;并给出危险品道路运输线风险源的可接受个人风险和社会风险标准;探讨了危险品运输约束最优化选线模型。路径优化选择可减少运输沿线影响人员风险和事故概率,优化影响人员风险与运输效率冲突问题,为政府监管部门与危险品运输企业提供了安全管理的基本决策依据。

Probe into Methods of Optimal Road Transportation Routing for Hazardous Materials

As the amount of hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation rapidly boosting, the hazardous risks to safety and health of human being are greatly widening and deepening. Once accidents happen, their impacts are severe. The elements of road transportation system for hazmat are analyzed from man-machine-environment point of view, and recognized from 3 levels, i.e. transportation network, vehicle or traveling risk sources and aftermath impact area, the general framework of optimal road routing for hazmat is put forward. The criteria for acceptable individual risk and social risk from the risk sources of transportation route for hazmat are provided. The optimal routing model for the restraint of hazmat transportation is probed into. The optimized road routing may reduce the risks of staff along the transportation route and probability of accident, may also optimize the conflict between risks of staff and transportation efficiency, which in turn may provide support to the decision maker of the relevant government agencies and relevant transportation enterprises.