不同施肥制下砂土小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤养分的动态变化

在黄淮海平原豫北砂土区,采用田间试验法,研究了小麦-玉米轮作不同施肥制度对土壤主要养分及对作物产量的影响。结果表明:在小麦-玉米轮作周期内,习惯施肥处理、优化施肥处理、快速培肥处理0～90cm土壤硝态氮含量比对照都有不同程度提升,习惯施肥与快速培肥处理接近,优化施肥处理低于习惯施肥和快速培肥处理;砂壤潮土0～30cm土壤有硝态氮的累积高峰,而细砂潮土则没有。快速培肥处理0～30cm土壤速效磷含量维持在较高水平,对照、习惯施肥、优化施肥处理差别不大。细砂潮土0～30cm速效钾含量比砂壤潮土低,快速培肥处理使细砂潮土的速效钾含量有所提升;处理间比较,以快速培肥处理最高,对照次之,优化和习惯施肥处理较为接近。习惯施肥处理在第2季小麦中产量最高,而优化和快速培肥处理在玉米季中都获得了较高产量。

Effects of Different Fertilization Structure on the Content of Soil Nutrients in Double Cropping System of Wheat and Maize in Sandy Chao Soil

In order to studied the effects of different structure of fertilization on the crop yield and the content of soil nutrients at different crop stages,field experiment was conducted in the north sandy soil region of Henan province in Huang-Huai-Hai plain,The results showed that the content of nitrate-N in0-90cm soil under the treatments of traditional,optimal and high input fertilization could be enhanced greatly than the CK.The soil nitrate-N content of traditional fertiliztion was close to that of the high input fertilization,and the optimal fertilization was lower than that of traditional and high input fertilization.At the 0-30cm soil layer,the sandy loam chao soil had a nitrate-N pinnacle,while the fine sandy chao soil had not.The soil Olsen-P could be maintained at very high level in the treatment of high input fertilization,while the treatments of optimal,high input fertilization and CK had not much difference.Readily available K was very short in the fine sandy chao soil than the sandy loam chao soil,and high input fertilization could significantly enhance its content in fine sandy chao soil.Among the four treatments,the content of soil available K was the highest under high input fertilization treament,followed by CK,and those under the treatments of optimal and traditional fertilization was similar.Both treatments of optimial and high input fertilization had gained much higher maize yield.