Antimony (Sb) – pollution and removal techniques – critical assessment of technologies |
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| Authors: | Hussani Mubarak Li-Yuan Chai Nosheen Mirza Zhi-Hui Yang Arshid Pervez Madiha Tariq |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China;2. National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, China;3. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan;4. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | In view of increasing emissions of antimony (Sb) into the environment due to industrialization and consequent carcinogenicity, it is essential to remove this metal from the ecosystem. Antimony and arsenic (As) are analogs. Although numerous studies examined arsenic removal, few reports are available on Sb removal. In this review, various Sb removal techniques are described to understand how this process occurs and what research gaps are needed to improve efficiency. At present, surface adsorption technique is the most widely used for Sb removal. Biological treatment namely phytoremediation is also a promising method and more investigations are required in this regard. The selection of a suitable technique for a given area depends on the conditions including economic, environmental, and social conditions. |
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| Keywords: | antimony pollution removal techniques phytoremediation soil water treatment |
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