生物质化学制氢技术研究进展

可再生生物质制氢是未来氢能的主要来源,涉及到化学制氢和生物制氢.生物质化学制氢技术包括生物质气化、热解、超临界转化等常规热化学法制氢和生物质解聚液相产物的蒸汽重整、水相重整、自热重整和光催化重整制氢等技术.对以上生物质制氢方法进行了综述,对反应条件、反应机理、催化剂使用、技术经济性及各自存在的优缺点进行分类整理与比较.认为生物质气化制氢及热解制氢技术的发展较成熟,可以实现规模化生产,但是制氢的选择性和产氢率不高；生物质液相产物催化重整制氢技术更适合较大规模的集中制氢,转化率和产氢率高,但技术途径复杂.对生物质制氢技术进行了展望.

Review of hydrogen production from biomass by chemical conversion process

Hydrogen from biomass is considered to be an important future hydrogen supplier. It usually contains chemical and biological conversion. Conventional thermo-chemical conversion covers gasification, pyrolysis and supercritical process, and catalytic reforming includes steam reforming, aqueous-phase reforming, auto-thermal reforming and photocatalytic reforming process using the liquid products derived from biomass depolymerization. These processes that mentioned above were overviewed and their operating conditions, reaction mechanism, catalysts, economic-technical advantages and disadvantages were compared. Gasification or pyrolytic conversion is approaching industrial scale, but hydrogen selectivity and yield are far from satisfactory. Catalytic reforming process of the biomass-derived liquid product may be applicable to scale-up with high hydrogen selectivity and yield, but technological process is still under development. The future developing direction of biomass to hydrogen development was pointed out．