外泌体免疫作用机制在自身免疫性疾病中的研究进展

外泌体属于囊泡的一种,是由磷脂双分子层构成,经多种细胞释放,存在于生物体液中的一类亚细胞结构,其包含蛋白、脂质以及核酸.研究发现,外泌体介导细胞间的信息交流,并参与许多机体反应,包括炎症、免疫信号传导、血管再生、应激反应、衰老、细胞增殖、细胞分化等.随着相关研究的不断深入,越来越多的证据表明,外泌体不仅参与自身免疫过程的建立、维持与调节,在癌症和心血管疾病的发病中也具有重要作用.

Immune mechanism of exosomes and their role in autoimmune diseases

Exosomes,a kind of vesicles,consist of a lipid bilayer membrane and can be released by various cells.They are a kind of subcellular structure in biological fluids,including proteins,lipids and nucleic acids.Researches have found that exosomes can mediate cell-to-cell communication and are involved in many processes,including inflammation,immune signaling,angiogenesis,stress response,senescence,cell proliferation and differentiation.With the development of relevant researches,more and more evidences have demonstrated that exosomes not only participate in the establishment,maintenance and modulation of autoimmune processes,but also play important roles in the occurrence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.