中性粒细胞细胞外诱捕网的研究进展

中性粒细胞是机体先天性免疫系统中的重要组成成分，是外周血中数量最多的免疫细胞，在非特异性免疫中至关重要，是构成机体内抵御微生物入侵的第一道防线。近年来，人们发现中性粒细胞除了经典的通过胞吞作用吞噬病原微生物、释放嗜天青颗粒及产生并分泌抑菌杀菌物质外，还具有抵抗微生物入侵的新机制--中性粒细胞细胞外诱捕网（neutrophil extracellular traps，NETs）。该机制主要通过活性氧和肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶4等影响因子刺激中性粒细胞形成以DNA为骨架的网状结构，内含有多种蛋白酶，能非特异性捕获杀伤病原体，还能在机体某些疾病的产生和发展中起到协同作用。作者就NETs的形成、影响因素及与病原、疾病的相互关系作一概述，为进一步研究中性粒细胞的功能提供依据。

Research Progress on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Neutrophils,which have become the largest number of immune cells in the peripheral blood,are the important components of the innate immune system in the body and which constitute the first line of defensing against microbial invasion, playing an important role in nonspecific immunity. Besides of the classic phagocytosis of pathogens, degranulation and the release of bactericidal substances, it is found that neutrophils have a new mechanism——Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which could resist the microbial invasion in recent years. Because of the reactive oxygen,peptidylated arginine deaminase 4 and other factors, neutrophils is formed of traps with DNA as the skeleton of the network structure and containing a variety of proteases. NETs can capture and kill pathogens nonspecifically and also play a synergistic role in the production and deterioration of certain diseases. This article is an overview on the formation of NETs,influencing factors and the relationship between NETs and pathogens or diseases to provide the references for studying the function of neutrophils.