糖尿病患者合并牙周病变及其口腔保健知识与行为的调查

目的　通过对糖尿病 (DM)患者口腔状况的观察 ,了解患者合并牙周病变状况、对牙周病变预防知识的认识及口腔保健知识与行为。方法　以包含 5部分内容的调查表对 10 0例 2型DM患者进行调查、评定。结果　牙龈病变以牙龈充血、水肿 ( 2 0 % )、牙龈出血 ( 2 7% )、牙龈萎缩 ( 2 9% )为最常见 ,其次表现为牙龈脓肿 ( 11% )、牙周溢脓 ( 8% )和牙周袋形成 ( 5 % )。牙体改变中 ,有牙结石者5 5 %、龋齿 2 9% 平均龋齿 ( 4 .3 2± 6.14 )颗牙 ]、牙齿缺少占 62 % 平均缺少 ( 9.42± 10 .0 6)颗牙 ]、牙齿松动占 49%。口腔黏膜改变主要为 :黏膜干燥 ( 4 2 % )、口腔溃疡 ( 2 1% )、厚舌苔 ( 2 0 % )、舌缘压痕 ( 10 % )、舌乳头萎缩 ( 3 % )和黑毛舌 ( 1% )。半数以上患者口腔保健知识与行为不良。结论　应重视DM合并牙周病变的的检查与评估 ,加大DM合并牙周病变的早期防治知识教育 ,强化口腔保健知识与行为 ,以减少DM患者牙周病变的发生率。

Investigation of Periodontal Disease and Oral Health Care in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Objective To investigate periodontal disease and oral health care in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods 100 patients with diabetes were investigated by questionnaive.Results The most common oral problems included gingival hyperemia (20%),gingival bleeding(27%),periodontal atrophy (29%), gingival abscess (11%),peripyema (8%),periodontal pockets (5%), dental calculus (55%),dental caries (29%),anodontia (62%), odontoseisis (49%), dry oral mucosa (42%), stomatocace (21%), thick fur of the tongue (20%), atrophy of the tongue (10%),lingual papillae atrophy (3%),and black fur of the tongue (1%).Above 50% of the diabetic patients had little knowledge about periodontal disease and poor oral health care.Conclusion Health education of periodontal disease should be strengthened so as to decrease periodontal diseases in diabetic patients.