Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in relation to total bone mineral density and prevalent fractures: A population-based cross-sectional study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China;2. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China;3. Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China;4. Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China;1. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Servicio de Nutrición y Diabetes, Hospital de Niños “Ricardo Gutiérrez”, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Laboratorio Central, Hospital de Niños “Ricardo Gutiérrez”, Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. Laboratorio Central, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea;2. Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea;3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea;4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea;5. Division of Epidemiology and Health Index, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, South Korea;6. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea;1. Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, PR China;2. The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China;1. Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran;2. Imaging Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran;3. Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran;4. Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran;1. Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy;2. Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Background and aimWe aimed to explore the relationship between total BMD and prevalent fractures and the risk of CVD in a female population in the United States (US).Methods and resultsWe undertook cross-sectional analyses of a female population participating in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline curves were used to examine the association between total BMD and CVD. Subgroup analyses were also undertaken. A total of 13,707 women were enrolled. The restricted cubic spline curve revealed a linear and negative association between total BMD and CVD. The inflection point for the curve was identified at total BMD = 1.085 g/cm2. A negative relationship between total BMD and the prevalence of individual CVDs (angina and stroke) was noted (P < 0.05). In subgroup analyses stratified by race/ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and physical activity, a negative association existed in women who were non-Hispanic White, without hypertension, without diabetes mellitus, and who never participated in physical activity, respectively. In subgroup analyses stratified by age, this association also differed based on age. In addition, participants without history of fracture had significant lower probability of experiencing individual CVDs (angina pectoris, heart attack, and stroke) compared with those with history of fracture.ConclusionsWe revealed a reduced prevalence of CVD associated with increased total BMD in a female population in the US. CVD risk decreased significantly if total BMD >1.085 g/cm2. Additionally, fracture-free individuals had much reduced odds of developing CVD. |
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| Keywords: | Cross-sectional study Cardiovascular disease Fracture National health and nutrition examination survey Total bone mineral density Women |
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