衢州地区居民心血管病相关危险因素的流行病学研究

目的 研究衢州地区居民心血管病相关危险因素的流行现状和特点.方法 采取分层整群抽样方法,抽取衢州市1 730名30岁以上居民进行体格检查和问卷调查,同时检测血压、血脂和血糖等指标.结果 衢州市30岁以上居民高血压患病率为40.17％（695/1 730）,随年龄的增长而增长（Z=15.88,P＜0.05）；男性高血压患病率为44.77％,高于女性的37.41％（x2=9.15,P＜0.05）；城区高血压患病率为43.22％,郊区高血压患病率为46.32％,农村高血压患病率为30.84％,差异有统计学意义（x2=25.84,P＜0.05）.本次调查中,血脂异常率为31.73％,多因素Logistic回归显示：慢性病家族史和身体质量指数（BMI）是其危险因素（OR=1.279、1.849,P均＜0.05）,而身体锻炼是其保护因素（OR=0.604,P＜0.01）.糖尿病患病率为4.86％,空腹血糖受损（IFG）发生率为8.09％,且均随着年龄增加而上升（x2=13.65、26.47,P均＜0.05）.1 730例调查对象中,吸烟率为17.98％,其中男性为47.38％,女性为0.28％,不同性别吸烟率有统计学差异（x2=610.67,P＜0.01）.这次调查发现,超重率为30.46％,肥胖率为8.61％；城区居民超重率为25.14％,郊区居民超重率为29.35％,农村居民超重率为36.93％,不同区域的超重率的差异有统计学意义（x2=19.08,P＜0.05）；不同区域、不同性别和不同年龄的肥胖率差异均无统计学意义（x2=4.99、3.56、1.61,P均＞0.05）.结论 衢州地区居民高血压患病率、糖尿病患病率和IFG发生率均随年龄增长有上升趋势,饮食结构不甚合理,因此应加强合理膳食与适量运动的宣传教育,改变居民生活方式,同时及早做血压、血脂、血糖筛查,以期早发现,早治疗.

Epidemiologic investigation on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among residents of Quzhou area

Objective To study the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among residents of Quzhou area.Methods A total of 1 730 residents over 30 years old in Quzhou area were selected by stratified cluster sampling.All participants were interviewed with a questionnaire and received physical examination,and their blood samples were collected for laboratory tests.Results The prevalence rate of hypertension in residents over age of 30 was 40.17% （695/1 730） and it increased with age growth （Z=15.88,P〈0.05）; the rate was higher in males than in females （44.77% vs 37.41%,x2=9.15,P〈0.05）; and the rates in urban,suburbs and rural area were 43.22%,46.32%,and 30.84%,respectively,with a significant difference （x2=24.98,P〈0.05）.The prevalence rate of lipid disorders was 31.73%,and the family history of chronic diseases and body mass index （BMI） were the risk factors for lipid disorders （OR=1.279,1.849,P all 〈0.05） and physical exercise was the protective factor （OR=0.604,P〈 0.01） by multivariate logistic regression analysis.The prevalence rates of diabetic mellitus and impaired fasting glucose were 4.86% and 8.09%,respectively,and both increased with age （x2=13.65,26.47,P all〈0.05）.The smoking rate of 1 730 participants was 17.98%,with 47.38% in males and 0.28% in females （x2=610.67,P〈 0.01）.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 30.46% and 8.61%,respectively.The rate of overweight was 25.14%,29.35%,and 36.93% in urban,suburbs and rural area,respectively,with a significant difference （x2=19.08,P〈 0.05）.However,no significant differences were noted in the rates of obesity among different area,gender,and age subgroups （x2=4.99,3.56,1.61,P all 〉0.05）.Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension,diabetic mellitus,and impaired fasting glucose in Quzhou residents increases as their ages grow.Their diet structure may not be appropriate.Therefore,it is important to guide people to go on a healthy diet and do more exercises and to strengthen early screening for population with abnormal blood pressure,blood lipids,and blood glucose and the corresponding treatment.