Surgeon-controlled robotic partial nephrectomy for a rare renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma using near-infrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green dye: A case report and literature review |
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| Authors: | Timil H Patel S Joseph Sirintrapun Ashok K Hemal |
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| Affiliation: | *Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;;†Director, Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina |
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| Abstract: | Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (E-AML) is a rare variant of angiomyolipoma (AML). It is a mesenchymal tumour believed to originate from the perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC). Unlike conventional AML which are benign, E-AML has a rare aggressive behaviour. Conventional AML is typically triphasic containing adipose tissue, smooth muscle and dystrophic vessels in variable proportions, while E-AML are generally composed of plump spindled and polygonal-shaped “epithelioid cells” showing clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm and occasional pleomorphic multinucleated giant cells. E-AML can be misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) when these “epithelioid cells” show clearing. Only a small number of cases of E-AML have been reported with the standard treatment being radical or partial nephrectomy. We report the first case report of a surgeon-controlled robotic partial nephrectomy using a near-infrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green dye on a 25-year-old woman with a T1B (6.6 cm) right renal mass. The final pathology revealed the diagnosis of E-AML. There was no recurrence and metastases after the 6-month follow-up. |
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