黄河中下游沿黄城市水资源承载力贴近度空间结构及作用机理

采用贴近度测度黄河中下游31个沿黄城市水资源承载力，分析承载力贴近度的空间特征和空间作用机理。结果表明：黄河中下游流域城市水资源承载力整体偏低，尤其是下游流域沿黄城市的水资源供需矛盾尖锐；从空间结构特征全局看，31个沿黄城市水资源承载力整体呈现空间自相关特征，从局部看，大部分城市无分异特征，但中游流域出现热点区域，下游流域尤其是河南省出现低洼区域；通过沿黄城市水资源承载力贴近度空间作用机理分析，中游流域沿黄城市水资源承载力受到驱动力（D）、压力（P）、状态（S）、影响（I）、管理（M）5个因素的影响，且城市之间存在空间虹吸效应，水资源表现出空间竞争，而不是空间协同发展。下游流域沿黄城市水资源承载力只受到驱动力（D）、状态（S）、影响（I）3个因素的作用。研究成果可为沿黄城市加强水资源的管理、优化城市发展模式提供参考。

Spatial structure and function mechanism of water resources carrying capacity closeness of cities along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

The method of closeness degree was used to measure water resources carrying capacity of cities along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, so as to investigate the spatial characteristics and function mechanism of water resources closeness degree. The results show that the carrying capacity of urban water resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is generally low, resulting in the acute contradiction between the supply and demand of urban water resources in most cities in this area, especially the ones in the lower reaches. From the perspective of spatial structure characteristics, the water resources carrying capacity of 31 cities along the Yellow River presents spatial autocorrelation characteristics as a whole, and most cities show no differentiation characteristics, except that there are a few hot spots in some cities in the middle reaches of the basin and some low-lying areas in some cities in the lower reaches, especially in Henan Province. The analysis of the spatial function mechanism of urban water resources carrying capacity closeness shows that the urban water resources carrying capacity in the middle reaches of the basin is affected by five factors, namely, driving force (D), pressure (P), state (S), influence (I) and management (M). Moreover, water resources is in a state of spatial competition rather than spatial coordinated development, due to the spatial siphon effect between cities. However, the urban water resources carrying capacity in the lower reaches is only affected by D, S and I. The research results can provide some reference for the decision-making of strengthening water resources management and optimizing urban development mode in cities along the Yellow River.