青藏高原山水林田湖草生态保护修复模式——以拉萨河流域为例

山水林田湖草生态保护与修复是推进生态文明建设的必然要求。青藏高原是我国生态屏障区、水源涵养区和生态脆弱区，生态地位独特、生态保护责任重大。为此，中央及地方政府高度重视青藏高原生态文明建设，积极开展山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点工程。从青藏高原山水林田湖草生态保护与修复试点的特殊性出发，以拉萨河流域为例梳理了其主要的生态保护修复工程项目，提炼了青藏高原山水林田湖草生态保护与修复的技术路线，从参与主体、整合要素、运行保障、实施目标等方面总结了青藏高原多部门跨区、多要素综合、多渠道协作、多目标耦合的山水林田湖草联动治理模式，从山、水、林、田、湖、草六大生态要素出发归纳了青藏高原生态保护修复的分类指导-精准施策的实践框架，以期对青藏高原山水林田湖草生态建设情况有一个清晰的认识，并为全国其他地区系统开展山水林田湖草生态保护修复工作提供借鉴。

Ecological protection and restoration model of multi-ecological elements in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: a case study of Lhasa River Basin

The ecological protection and restoration of multi-ecological elements is an inevitable requirement for the construction of ecological civilization. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an ecological barrier area, a water conservation area and an ecologically fragile area in China. It has a unique ecological status for ecological protection. Therefore, the governments attach great importance to the construction of ecological civilization on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and actively carry out pilot projects of ecological protection and restoration of multi-ecological elements. Based on the particularity of the ecological protection and restoration pilot of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper took the Lhasa River Basin as an example to sort out its main ecological protection and restoration projects, and refined the technical route of ecological protection and restoration of multi-ecological elements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. From the aspects of participants, elements, operation guarantee, and implementation objectives, this paper summarized the multi-sectoral, cross-regional, multi-element comprehensive, multi-channel collaboration, and multi-objective coupling management model. Based on the multi-ecological elements, the practical framework of precise implementation of ecological protection and restoration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was summarized. It is expected to have a clear understanding of the ecological construction of multi-ecological elements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and provide a reference for other areas of China to systematically carry out the ecological protection and restoration of multi-ecological elements.