生态型港口综合评价指标体系初探

基于上海市建设生态型城市的长期目标，将港口作为城市生态系统中重要的子系统，对如何建设生态型港口提出了综合评价指标体系。通过筛选得到45项单因素指标，针对不同类型的港区有所分异，整个评价体系分为5个准则层（生态环境、经济效率、污染控制、环境管理、社会评价）和10个因素层（大气/声环境、生物资源、基底质量、经济发展、生产效率、循环经济、污染排放、清洁生产、环保投入、社会参与），并采用AHP（层次分析）法确定了各层次的权重分配。进而根据2005年上海港年均生产状况和2006年上半年的港区环境－资源调查，尝试对上海港7种主要类型（集装箱、件杂货/成品、多用途、干散、粮食港区、液散、客运）的15个港区进行了现状评估。然而，生态港评价系统的指标选取、权重制定、评估级别等实践与完善仍需要多学科和政府职能部门的参与。最后，项目还提出了水生态健康、航道淤积、生态风险、水陆景观等非定量生态港评价因子。

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM FOR ECOLOGICAL PORTS

Based on the long term objective of transforming Shanghai to a ecological city brought forward by Shanghai government,considering that ports network is one of the most typical urbanized sub systems in the city, in this research Shanghai Port was taken as a sub system,and a reasonable evaluation system for ecological ports was established.After the process of consultation and filtration,an evaluation system composed of 45 self existent indices,classified into 5 guide layers (ecological environment,economic profit,pollution control,environment management,social appraisal) and 10 factor layers (atmospheric/audio environment,biological resources,foundation quality,economic growth,production efficiency,recycling economy,pollutants discharge,clean production,environmental protection investment,public participation) was set up, and the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method was employed to calculate the discrepant weight of each index and layer.According to the annual industrial statistics document of 2005 and the environment resource investigation in the first half of 2006,a tentative evaluation on 15 ports of 7 good species ports types (container,piece goods,multi used,solid goods,foodstuff,liquid goods,and passenger transport) in Shanghai Port was carried out with the comprehensive evaluation index system.Then,some improvable measurements were suggested,such as the index selection,weight and grade estimation still needing the participation of many kinds of subjects;the government departments should establish information exchange platform with research teams to operate long term evaluation works.At last,some non quantificational factors affecting the evaluation on ecological ports such as aquatic ecosystems health,sediment deposition,ecological risk and water land landscape were put forward.