熔融沉积3D打印机机械结构的设计

3D打印技术作为一种快速成型技术,其采用数字式模型文件作为基础,采取逐层打印的办法将可粘合性的塑料或者粉末金属用以构筑所预想的实体技术。由于3D打印技术可采用的耗材种类不同,故其存在着不同的3D打印技术用于构造不同类型的部件。3D打印耗材常有尼龙玻纤、铝合金、钛合金、石膏、镀金银以及橡胶等材料。为了拓宽3D打印机所使用的耗材范围,所以针对不同种类耗材需要开发不同类型的3D打印机。因此,本文针对特种工程材料,开发其配套的3D打印机,并设计其机械结构。设计完善其单喷嘴形制,x-y扫描机,z轴升降以及传动机构。文中对扫的方向、机械传动、打印精度、传动精密性等进行了计算。为使3D打印机的响应准确、快速,机械结构的简化,设计中采用了滚珠丝杆与线性步进机直接相连的方式。本文所设计的熔融沉积打印机结构,其运动合理,传动平稳,为其应用于实际生产做好基础工作。

Design for 3D printer of fused deposition manufacturing

As a kind of rapid forming technology,3D printing technology uses digital model file as the basis,adopts layer by layer printing method to build the desired entity with adhesive plastic or powder metal.Due to the different types of consumables that can be used in 3D printing technology,there are different 3D printing technologies used to construct different types of components.3D printing consumables often include nylon glass fiber,aluminum alloy,titanium alloy,gypsum,gold and silver plating,rubber and other materials.In order to broaden the range of consumables used by 3D printers,different types of 3D printers need to be developed for different types of consumables.Therefore,aiming at the special engineering materials,this paper develops its 3D printer and designs its mechanical structure.Design and improve its single nozzle shape,X-Y scanner,z-axis lifting and transmission mechanism.The scanning direction,mechanical transmission,printing precision and transmission precision are calculated.In order to make the response of 3D printer accurate and fast,and simplify the mechanical structure,the ball screw and linear stepper are directly connected in the design.The structure of the melt deposition printer designed in this paper is reasonable in movement and stable in transmission,which is the basis for its application in practical production.