学生营养改善计划2012—2017年学校膳食能量与宏量营养素供应变迁

  目的  了解“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(以下简称“营养改善计划”)试点地区学校食堂食物供应中能量与宏量营养素供应变化趋势，为推进中西部贫困农村学校合理供餐、促进儿童健康成长提供基础数据。  方法  从2012—2017年，对中西部22省699个国家试点县，按照不同的供餐模式抽取10%的学校进行监测，计算学校每人每天能量和碳水化合物供应量、蛋白质和脂肪供能比，并与《学生营养餐指南》(WS/T 554—2017)进行比较。  结果  “营养改善计划”地区试点学校供餐的能量和蛋白质每日供应量呈上升趋势，能量从2012年的1 566.5 kcal(1 kcal=4.18 kJ)增加到2017年的1 927.4 kcal，蛋白质从49.0 g增加到61.0 g；脂肪供能比从31.9%上升为34.9%，碳水化合物供能比逐步下降(F值分别为83.38，128.36，20.27，17.28，P值均 < 0.05)。2017年能量供应量达标率为17.5%，蛋白质供应量达标率为26.8%。  结论  “营养改善计划”地区能量和宏量营养素供应仍不合理。应采取措施进一步加强中西部贫困农村食堂食物供应的膳食指导，为改善贫困农村儿童的营养健康状况提供良好保障。

Temporal trend in energy and macronutrients for pilot schools involved in the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2012-2017

  Objective  To evaluate temporal trend in food supply among pilot schools involved in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NNIPRCES).  Methods  Ten percent of pilot schools were randomly selected and asked to report the information on food supplies. Daily intake of energy, carbohydrates and protein for each student were calculated and compared with the reference value in Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals (WS/T 554-2017).  Results  Energy and protein supply increased among those pilot schools. The supply of energy increased from 1 566.5 kcal in 2012 to 1 927.4 kcal in 2017, protein increased from 49.0 g to 61.0 g. The energy ratio of fat increased from 31.9% to 34.9%, while energy ratio of carbohydrate decreased significantly (F=83.38, 128.36, 20.27 and 17.28, all P < 0.05). The proportion of reasonable energy supply from carbohydrate and fat in 2017 were 17.5% and 26.8%, respectively.  Conclusion  The supply of energy and macronutrients in the pilot areas were unreasonable, more measures including dietary guide and monitoring need to be adopted to improve students' nutrition status among rural areas.