小规模天线阵列波束指向校准算法研究

基于有源方向图叠加原理和杂草入侵优化算法对小规模天线阵列的波束指向进行了校准。对于小规模阵列，由于天线单元之间的互耦导致阵中每个单元的方向图各不相同，如果使用阵因子理论对其配相，阵列无法扫描到期望的波束指向。为了考虑互耦的的影响，利用有源方向图叠加原理合成整个阵列的方向图；再将杂草入侵优化算法和有源方向图叠加原理进行结合对每个单元的馈电相位进行优化。基于该混合算法，对一个7元平面阵列进行了优化，优化后的相位分布可以使该阵列扫描到期望的波束指向，解决了小规模阵列的波束指向偏差问题。

Optimization Algorithm of the Beam Direction Calibration for a Small Antenna Array

A hybrid method that combines the theory of superstition of active element pattern (AEP) and invasive weed optimization (IWO) is proposed for calibrating the beam direction of small antenna arrays. For a small antenna array with only a few elements, the beam direction discrepancy of each element will arise due to the mutual coupling of antenna elements if the array is fed with phase distribution based on the array factor (AF) theory. In this paper, the mutual coupling effects among elements in a small antenna array are considered. AEP method is employed to synthesize the radiation pattern of the antenna array. The phase distribution is optimized by the IWO. With the proposed hybrid method, the beam peak of the small antenna array can accurately steer to the desired direction.