胶东地区葡萄白腐病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性及与其他4种药剂的敏感性比较

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了山东省胶东地区52株葡萄白腐病菌Coniella diplodiella对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性，检测了水杨肟酸 (SHAM) 对葡萄白腐病菌菌丝生长及其对吡唑醚菌酯敏感性的影响，并通过室内毒力测定及田间防效试验比较了吡唑醚菌酯与其他4种不同作用机制药剂的毒力。结果显示:添加SHAM (20 μg/mL) 能够显著提高葡萄白腐病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性 (F = 5.5017，P = 0.0388)，与吡唑醚菌酯单独作用相比，添加SHAM后吡唑醚菌酯对葡萄白腐病菌的毒力提高了1.17倍。供试葡萄白腐病菌对吡唑醚菌酯整体仍表现为敏感，EC₅₀值在0.176~6.012 μg/mL之间，平均值为 (2.826 ± 1.670) μg/mL，其敏感性频率分布呈连续单峰曲线，且符合正态分布，因此可将该EC₅₀平均值 (2.826 ± 1.670) μg/mL作为山东省胶东地区葡萄白腐病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的相对敏感基线。戊唑醇、福美双、代森锰锌及多菌灵对葡萄白腐病菌的EC₅₀值分别在0.364~16.873、5.236~25.562、15.912~84.778和1.819~568.690 μg/mL之间，葡萄白腐病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性与对戊唑醇的相当，显著高于对福美双、代森锰锌和多菌灵的敏感性。研究结果可为田间防控葡萄白腐病的药剂选择及合理轮换使用提供理论依据。

Sensitivity of Coniella diplodiella to pyraclostrobin in Jiaodong Area and comparison with four other fungicides

The sensitivities of 52 strains of grape white rot pathogen (Coniella diplodiella) from Jiaodong area of Shandong Province to pyrazolone were determined by the mycelial growth rate method, and the effect of salicyloxime acid (SHAM) on the mycelial growth of grape white rot pathogen and its sensitivity to pyraclostrobin were tested. Laboratory toxicities and field experiments were also carried out to compare the sensitivity of pyraclostrobin with four other fungicides with different mechanisms. The sensitivity of C. diplodiella to pyraclostrobin with the addition of SHAM (20 μg/mL) was significantly increased (F = 5.5017, P = 0.0388). The virulence of pyraclostrobin to grape white rot was 1.17 times higher than that by using pyraclostrobin alone. Moreover, these tested isolates were highly sensitive to pyraclostrobin. Their EC₅₀ to pyraclostrobin were in the range of 0.176-6.012 μg/mL, with the mean value of 2.826 μg/mL. The frequency curve of pyraclostrobin was continuous and unimodal, and followed the normal distribution. Hence, the mean EC₅₀ of 2.826 μg/mL could be served as the baseline sensitivity of C. diplodiella to pyraclostrobin in Jiaodong. The values of EC₅₀ of tebuconazole, thiram, mancozeb and carbendazol were 0.364-16.873, 5.236-25.562, 15.912-84.778 and 1.819-568.690 μg/mL, respectively. Besides, the sensitivity of C. diplodiella to pyraclostrobin was similar to the sensitivity to tebuconazole, which was significantly higher than that of other three fungicides, including thiram, mancozeb and carbendazim. These results have provided a theoretical basis for selection and rational rotation of grape white rot disease in the field.